telling 'make' to ignore dependencies when

问题:

I'm running the following kind of pipeline:

digestA: hugefileB hugefileC
    cat $^ > $@
    rm $^

hugefileB:
    touch $@

hugefileC:
    touch $@

The targets hugefileB and hugefileC are very big and take a long time to compute (and need the power of Make). But once digestA has been created, there is no need to keep its dependencies: it deletes those dependencies to free up disk space.

Now, if I invoke 'make' again, hugefileB and hugefileC will be rebuilt, whereas digestA is already ok.

Is there any way to tell 'make' to avoid to re-comile the dependencies ?

NOTE: I don't want to build the two dependencies inside the rules for 'digestA'.

回答1:

Use "intermediate files" feature of GNU Make:

Intermediate files are remade using their rules just like all other files. But intermediate files are treated differently in two ways.

The first difference is what happens if the intermediate file does not exist. If an ordinary file b does not exist, and make considers a target that depends on b, it invariably creates b and then updates the target from b. But if b is an intermediate file, then make can leave well enough alone. It won't bother updating b, or the ultimate target, unless some prerequisite of b is newer than that target or there is some other reason to update that target.

The second difference is that if make does create b in order to update something else, it deletes b later on after it is no longer needed. Therefore, an intermediate file which did not exist before make also does not exist after make. make reports the deletion to you by printing a rm -f command showing which file it is deleting.

Ordinarily, a file cannot be intermediate if it is mentioned in the makefile as a target or prerequisite. However, you can explicitly mark a file as intermediate by listing it as a prerequisite of the special target .INTERMEDIATE. This takes effect even if the file is mentioned explicitly in some other way.

You can prevent automatic deletion of an intermediate file by marking it as a secondary file. To do this, list it as a prerequisite of the special target .SECONDARY. When a file is secondary, make will not create the file merely because it does not already exist, but make does not automatically delete the file. Marking a file as secondary also marks it as intermediate.

So, adding the following line to the Makefile should be enough:

.INTERMEDIATE : hugefileB hugefileC

Invoking make for the first time:

$ make
touch hugefileB
touch hugefileC
cat hugefileB hugefileC > digestA
rm hugefileB hugefileC

And the next time:

$ make
make: `digestA' is up to date.

回答2:

If you mark hugefileB and hugefileC as intermediate files, you will get the behavior you want:

digestA: hugefileB hugefileC
        cat $^ > $@

hugefileB:
        touch $@

hugefileC:
        touch $@

.INTERMEDIATE: hugefileB hugefileC

For example:

$ gmake
touch hugefileB
touch hugefileC
cat hugefileB hugefileC > digestA
rm hugefileB hugefileC
$ gmake
gmake: `digestA' is up to date.
$ rm -f digestA
$ gmake
touch hugefileB
touch hugefileC
cat hugefileB hugefileC > digestA
rm hugefileB hugefileC

Note that you do not need the explicit rm $^ command anymore -- gmake automatically deletes intermediate files at the end of the build.

回答3:

I would recommend you to create pseudo-cache files that are created by the hugefileB and hugeFileC targets.

Then have digestA depend on those cache files, because you know they will not change again until you manually invoke the expensive targets.

回答4:

The correct way is to not delete the files, as that removes the information that make uses to determine whether to rebuild the files.

Recreating them as empty does not help because make will then assume that the empty files are fully built.

If there is a way to merge digests, then you could create one from each of the huge files, which is then kept, and the huge file automatically removed as it is an intermediate.