How do I animate fadeIn fadeOut effect in NSTextFi

问题:

I am trying to write a category for NSTextField which will add a new method setAnimatedStringValue. This method is supposed to nicely fade-out the current text, then set the new text and then fade that in.

Below is my implementation:-

- (void) setAnimatedStringValue:(NSString *)aString {

    if ([[self stringValue] isEqualToString:aString]) {
        return;
    }

    NSMutableDictionary *dict = Nil;

    NSViewAnimation *fadeOutAnim;
    dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:self, NSViewAnimationTargetKey,
            NSViewAnimationFadeOutEffect, NSViewAnimationEffectKey, nil];
    fadeOutAnim = [[NSViewAnimation alloc] initWithViewAnimations:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                                                               dict, nil]];
    [fadeOutAnim setDuration:2];
    [fadeOutAnim setAnimationCurve:NSAnimationEaseOut];
    [fadeOutAnim setAnimationBlockingMode:NSAnimationBlocking];

    NSViewAnimation *fadeInAnim;
    dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:self, NSViewAnimationTargetKey,
            NSViewAnimationFadeInEffect, NSViewAnimationEffectKey, nil];
    fadeInAnim = [[NSViewAnimation alloc] initWithViewAnimations:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                                                                   dict, nil]];
    [fadeInAnim setDuration:3];
    [fadeInAnim setAnimationCurve:NSAnimationEaseIn];
    [fadeInAnim setAnimationBlockingMode:NSAnimationBlocking];

    [fadeOutAnim startAnimation];

    [self setStringValue:aString];

    [fadeInAnim startAnimation];
}

Needless to say, but the above code does not work at all. The only effect I see is the flickering of a progress bar on the same window. That is possibly because I am blocking the main runloop while trying to "animate" it.

Please suggest what is wrong with the above code.

Additional note:

setAnimatedStringValue is always invoked by a NSTimer, which is added to the main NSRunLoop.

回答1:

I'll take a stab:

I found a couple problems here. First off, this whole thing is set up to be blocking, so it's going to block the main thread for 5 seconds. This will translate to the user as a SPOD/hang. You probably want this to be non-blocking, but it'll require a little bit of extra machinery to make that happen.

Also, you're using NSAnimationEaseOut for the fade out effect, which is effected by a known bug where it causes the animation to run backwards. (Google for "NSAnimationEaseOut backwards" and you can see that many have hit this problem.) I used NSAnimationEaseIn for both curves for this example.

I got this working for a trivial example with non-blocking animations. I'm not going to say that this is the ideal approach (I posted a second answer that arguably better), but it works, and can hopefully serve as a jumping off point for you. Here's the crux of it:

@interface NSTextField (AnimatedSetString)

- (void) setAnimatedStringValue:(NSString *)aString;

@end

@interface SOTextFieldAnimationDelegate : NSObject <NSAnimationDelegate>

- (id)initForSettingString: (NSString*)newString onTextField: (NSTextField*)tf;

@end

@implementation NSTextField (AnimatedSetString)

- (void) setAnimatedStringValue:(NSString *)aString
{
    if ([[self stringValue] isEqual: aString])
    {
        return;
    }

    [[[SOTextFieldAnimationDelegate alloc] initForSettingString: aString onTextField: self] autorelease];
}

@end


@implementation SOTextFieldAnimationDelegate
{
    NSString* _newString;
    NSAnimation* _fadeIn;
    NSAnimation* _fadeOut;
    NSTextField* _tf;
}

- (id)initForSettingString: (NSString*)newString onTextField: (NSTextField*)tf
{
    if (self = [super init])
    {
        _newString = [newString copy];
        _tf = [tf retain];

        [self retain]; // we'll autorelease ourselves when the animations are done.

        _fadeOut = [[NSViewAnimation alloc] initWithViewAnimations: @[ (@{
                                                                        NSViewAnimationTargetKey : tf ,
                                                                        NSViewAnimationEffectKey : NSViewAnimationFadeOutEffect})] ];
        [_fadeOut setDuration:2];
        [_fadeOut setAnimationCurve: NSAnimationEaseIn];
        [_fadeOut setAnimationBlockingMode:NSAnimationNonblocking];
        _fadeOut.delegate = self;

        _fadeIn = [[NSViewAnimation alloc] initWithViewAnimations: @[ (@{
                                                                        NSViewAnimationTargetKey : tf ,
                                                                        NSViewAnimationEffectKey : NSViewAnimationFadeInEffect})] ];
        [_fadeIn setDuration:3];
        [_fadeIn setAnimationCurve:NSAnimationEaseIn];
        [_fadeIn setAnimationBlockingMode:NSAnimationNonblocking];

        [_fadeOut startAnimation];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [_newString release];
    [_tf release];
    [_fadeOut release];
    [_fadeIn release];
    [super dealloc];
}

- (void)animationDidEnd:(NSAnimation*)animation
{
    if (_fadeOut == animation)
    {
        _fadeOut.delegate = nil;
        [_fadeOut release];
        _fadeOut = nil;

        _tf.hidden = YES;
        [_tf setStringValue: _newString];

        _fadeIn.delegate = self;
        [_fadeIn startAnimation];
    }
    else
    {
        _fadeIn.delegate = nil;
        [_fadeIn release];
        _fadeIn = nil;

        [self autorelease];
    }
}

@end

It would be really nice if there were block-based API for this... it'd save having to implement this delegate object.

I put the whole project up on GitHub.

回答2:

I was poking around a bit after posting the previous answer. I'm leaving that answer because it corresponds closely to the code you posted, and uses NSViewAnimation. I did, however, come up with a considerably more concise, albeit slightly harder to read (owing to block parameter indentation) version that uses NSAnimationContext instead. Here 'tis:

#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@interface NSTextField (AnimatedSetString)

- (void) setAnimatedStringValue:(NSString *)aString;

@end

@implementation NSTextField (AnimatedSetString)

- (void) setAnimatedStringValue:(NSString *)aString
{
    if ([[self stringValue] isEqual: aString])
    {
        return;
    }

    [NSAnimationContext runAnimationGroup:^(NSAnimationContext *context) {
        [context setDuration: 1.0];
        [context setTimingFunction: [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName: kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut]];
        [self.animator setAlphaValue: 0.0];
    }
                        completionHandler:^{
        [self setStringValue: aString];
        [NSAnimationContext runAnimationGroup:^(NSAnimationContext *context) {
            [context setDuration: 1.0];
            [context setTimingFunction: [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName: kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseIn]];
            [self.animator setAlphaValue: 1.0];
        } completionHandler: ^{}];
    }];
}

@end

Note: To get access to the CAMediaTimingFunction class used here for specifying non-default timing functions using this API, you'll need to include QuartzCore.framework in your project.

Also on GitHub.

回答3:

For Swift 3, here are two convenient setText() and setAttributedText() extension methods that fade over from one text to another:

import Cocoa

extension NSTextField {
    func setStringValue(_ newValue: String, animated: Bool = true, interval: TimeInterval = 0.7) {
        guard stringValue != newValue else { return }
        if animated {
            animate(change: { self.stringValue = newValue }, interval: interval)
        } else {
            stringValue = newValue
        }
    }

    func setAttributedStringValue(_ newValue: NSAttributedString, animated: Bool = true, interval: TimeInterval = 0.7) {
        guard attributedStringValue != newValue else { return }
        if animated {
            animate(change: { self.attributedStringValue = newValue }, interval: interval)
        }
        else {
            attributedStringValue = newValue
        }
    }

    private func animate(change: @escaping () -> Void, interval: TimeInterval) {
        NSAnimationContext.runAnimationGroup({ context in
            context.duration = interval / 2.0
            context.timingFunction = CAMediaTimingFunction(name: kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut)
            animator().alphaValue = 0.0
        }, completionHandler: {
            change()
            NSAnimationContext.runAnimationGroup({ context in
                context.duration = interval / 2.0
                context.timingFunction = CAMediaTimingFunction(name: kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut)
                self.animator().alphaValue = 1.0
            }, completionHandler: {})
        })
    }
}

Call them as following:

var stringTextField: NSTextField
var attributedStringTextField: NSTextField
...
stringTextField.setStringValue("New Text", animated: true)
...
let attributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "New Attributed Text")
attributedString.addAttribute(...)
attributedStringTextField.setAttributedStringValue(attributedString, animated: true)