Mongodb select all fields group by one field and s

问题:

We have collection 'message' with following fields

_id |   messageId |  chainId | createOn

1   |       1     |    A     | 155
2   |       2     |    A     | 185
3   |       3     |    A     | 225
4   |       4     |    B     | 226
5   |       5     |    C     | 228
6   |       6     |    B     | 300

We want to select all fields of document with following criteria

1. distict by field 'chainId'
   
2. order(sort) by 'createdOn' in desc order

so, the expected result is

_id |   messageId |  chainId | createOn

3   |       3     |    A     | 225
5   |       5     |    C     | 228
6   |       6     |    B     | 300

We are using spring-data in our java application. I tried to go with different approaches, nothing helped me so far.
Is it possible to achieve above with single query?

回答1:

What you want is something that can be achieved with the aggregation framework. The basic form of ( which is useful to others ) is:

db.collection.aggregate([

    // Group by the grouping key, but keep the valid values
    { "$group": {
        "_id": "$chainId",
        "docId": { "$first": "$_id" },
        "messageId": { "$first": "$messageId" },
        "createOn": { "$first": "$createdOn" }
    }},

    // Then sort
    { "$sort": { "createOn": -1 } }

])

So that "groups" on the distinct values of "messageId" while taking the $first boundary values for each of the other fields. Alternately if you want the largest then use $last instead, but for either smallest or largest by row it probably makes sense to $sort first, otherwise just use $min and $max if the whole row is not important.

See the MongoDB aggregate() documentation for more information on usage, as well as the driver JavaDocs and SpringData Mongo connector documentation for more usage of the aggregate method and possible helpers.

回答2:

here is the solution using MongoDB Java Driver

    final MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient();
    final DB db = mongoClient.getDB("mstreettest");
    final DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("message");

    final BasicDBObject groupFields = new BasicDBObject("_id", "$chainId");
    groupFields.put("docId", new BasicDBObject("$first", "$_id"));
    groupFields.put("messageId", new BasicDBObject("$first", "$messageId"));
    groupFields.put("createOn", new BasicDBObject("$first", "$createdOn"));

    final DBObject group = new BasicDBObject("$group", groupFields);

    final DBObject sortFields = new BasicDBObject("createOn", -1);
    final DBObject sort = new BasicDBObject("$sort", sortFields);

    final DBObject projectFields = new BasicDBObject("_id", 0);
    projectFields.put("_id", "$docId");
    projectFields.put("messageId", "$messageId");
    projectFields.put("chainId", "$_id");
    projectFields.put("createOn", "$createOn");
    final DBObject project = new BasicDBObject("$project", projectFields);

    final AggregationOutput aggregate = collection.aggregate(group, sort, project);

and the result will be:

{ "_id" : 5 , "messageId" : 5 , "createOn" : { "$date" : "2014-04-23T04:45:45.173Z"} , "chainId" : "C"}
{ "_id" : 4 , "messageId" : 4 , "createOn" : { "$date" : "2014-04-23T04:12:25.173Z"} , "chainId" : "B"}
{ "_id" : 1 , "messageId" : 1 , "createOn" : { "$date" : "2014-04-22T08:29:05.173Z"} , "chainId" : "A"}

I tried it with SpringData Mongo and it didn't work when I group it by chainId(java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "C") was the exception

回答3:

Replace this line:

final DBObject group = new BasicDBObject("$group", groupFields);

with this one:

final DBObject group = new BasicDBObject("_id", groupFields);

回答4:

here is the solution using springframework.data.mongodb:

Aggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(
                Aggregation.group("chainId"),
                Aggregation.sort(new Sort(Sort.Direction.ASC, "createdOn"))
              );
AggregationResults<XxxBean> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, "collection_name", XxxBean.class);