C#/Java Number Randomization

问题:

Is it possible, from .NET, to mimic the exact randomization that Java uses? I have a seed, and I would like to be able to recieve the same results in both C# and Java when creating a random number.

回答1:

If you have the source code of the java.util.Random class for your Java implementation, you can easily port it to .NET.

If you require both applications (Java and .NET) to use a certain random number generator, you'd better implement one in both platforms and use it instead, as the system provided version might change its behavior as a result of an update.(Looks like the Java specification precisely describes the behavior of its PRNG.)

回答2:

You don't need to read the source code. The formula is a one-liner and is given in the documentation for java.util.Random.

Here's a partial translation:

[Serializable]
public class Random
{
    public Random(UInt64 seed)
    {
        this.seed = (seed ^ 0x5DEECE66DUL) & ((1UL << 48) - 1);
    }

    public int NextInt(int n)
    {
        if (n <= 0) throw new ArgumentException("n must be positive");

        if ((n & -n) == n)  // i.e., n is a power of 2
            return (int)((n * (long)Next(31)) >> 31);

        long bits, val;
        do
        {
            bits = Next(31);
            val = bits % (UInt32) n;
        }
        while (bits - val + (n - 1) < 0);

        return (int) val;
    }

    protected UInt32 Next(int bits)
    {
        seed = (seed * 0x5DEECE66DL + 0xBL) & ((1L << 48) - 1);

        return (UInt32)(seed >> (48 - bits));
    }

    private UInt64 seed;
}

Example:

Random rnd = new Random(42);
Console.WriteLine(rnd.NextInt(10));
Console.WriteLine(rnd.NextInt(20));
Console.WriteLine(rnd.NextInt(30));
Console.WriteLine(rnd.NextInt(40));
Console.WriteLine(rnd.NextInt(50));

Output on both platforms is 0, 3, 18, 4, 20.

回答3:

If you don't need a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator then I would go for the Mersenne twister. You can find source code for C# here and Java here.

回答4:

Well, you can look in the source code for Random.java and copy the algorithm, constants, etc.etc, but Random uses System.nanoTime in its constructor so you won't get the same results.

From java.util.Random

public Random() { this(++seedUniquifier + System.nanoTime()); }

I wouldn't be at all surprised if the source in C# would show you something similar.

Edit: Disregard, as has been pointed out, the constructor that takes an input seed never accesses time.

回答5:

Maybe it would make sense to implement your own simple pseudo-random number generator? That way you have complete control and can garauntee the same seed gives the same results in both environments. Probably a bit more work than porting one to the other though.

回答6:

Another option might be to write your random numbers out to a file once from one platform and then just load your random numbers for both platforms from that file, or you could load them from a service such as random.org