PowerShell: Running a command as Administrator

2019-01-01 08:12发布

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问题:

You know how if you\'re the administrative user of a system and you can just right click say, a batch script and run it as Administrator without entering the administrator password?

I\'m wondering how to do this with a PowerShell script. I do not want to have to enter my password; I just want to mimic the right-click Run As Administrator method.

Everything I read so far requires you to supply the administrator password.

回答1:

If the current console is not elevated and the operation you\'re trying to do requires elevated privileges then you can start powershell with the \"Run as administrator\" option

PS> Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs

回答2:

Here is an addition to Shay Levi\'s suggestion (just add these lines at the beginning of a script):

If (-NOT ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] \"Administrator\"))

{   
$arguments = \"& \'\" + $myinvocation.mycommand.definition + \"\'\"
Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList $arguments
Break
}

This results in the current script being passed to a new powershell process in Administrator mode (if current User has access to Administrator mode and the script is not launched as Administrator).

回答3:

Self elevating PowerShell script

Windows 8.1 / PowerShell 4.0 +

One line :)

if (!([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] \"Administrator\")) { Start-Process powershell.exe \"-NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File `\"$PSCommandPath`\"\" -Verb RunAs; exit }

# Your script here

回答4:

Benjamin Armstrong posted an excellent article about self-elevating PowerShell scripts. There a few minor issue with his code; a modified version based on fixes suggested in the comment is below.

Basically it gets the identity associated with the current process, checks whether it is an administrator, and if it isn\'t, creates a new PowerShell process with administrator privileges and terminates the old process.

# Get the ID and security principal of the current user account
$myWindowsID = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent();
$myWindowsPrincipal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($myWindowsID);

# Get the security principal for the administrator role
$adminRole = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator;

# Check to see if we are currently running as an administrator
if ($myWindowsPrincipal.IsInRole($adminRole))
{
    # We are running as an administrator, so change the title and background colour to indicate this
    $Host.UI.RawUI.WindowTitle = $myInvocation.MyCommand.Definition + \"(Elevated)\";
    $Host.UI.RawUI.BackgroundColor = \"DarkBlue\";
    Clear-Host;
}
else {
    # We are not running as an administrator, so relaunch as administrator

    # Create a new process object that starts PowerShell
    $newProcess = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo \"PowerShell\";

    # Specify the current script path and name as a parameter with added scope and support for scripts with spaces in it\'s path
    $newProcess.Arguments = \"& \'\" + $script:MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path + \"\'\"

    # Indicate that the process should be elevated
    $newProcess.Verb = \"runas\";

    # Start the new process
    [System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start($newProcess);

    # Exit from the current, unelevated, process
    Exit;
}

# Run your code that needs to be elevated here...

Write-Host -NoNewLine \"Press any key to continue...\";
$null = $Host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey(\"NoEcho,IncludeKeyDown\");

回答5:

You can create a batch file (*.bat) that runs your powershell script with administrative privileges when double-clicked. In this way, you do not need to change anything in your powershell script.To do this, create a batch file with the same name and location of your powershell script and then put the following content in it:

@echo off

set scriptFileName=%~n0
set scriptFolderPath=%~dp0
set powershellScriptFileName=%scriptFileName%.ps1

powershell -Command \"Start-Process powershell \\\"-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -NoExit -Command `\\\"cd \\`\\\"%scriptFolderPath%\\`\\\"; & \\`\\\".\\%powershellScriptFileName%\\`\\\"`\\\"\\\" -Verb RunAs\"

That\'s it!

Here is the explanation:

Assuming your powershell script is in the path C:\\Temp\\ScriptTest.ps1, your batch file must have the path C:\\Temp\\ScriptTest.bat. When someone execute this batch file, the following steps will occur:

The cmd will execute the command

powershell -Command \"Start-Process powershell \\\"-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -NoExit -Command `\\\"cd \\`\\\"C:\\Temp\\`\\\"; & \\`\\\".\\ScriptTest.ps1\\`\\\"`\\\"\\\" -Verb RunAs\"

A new powershell session will open and the following command will be executed:

Start-Process powershell \"-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -NoExit -Command `\"cd \\`\"C:\\Temp\\`\"; & \\`\".\\ScriptTest.ps1\\`\"`\"\" -Verb RunAs

Another new powershell session with administrative privileges will open in the system32 folder and the following arguments will be passed to it:
```
-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -NoExit -Command \"cd \\\"C:\\Temp\\\"; & \\\".\\ScriptTest.ps1\\\"\"
```
The following command will be executed with administrative privileges:
```
cd \"C:\\Temp\"; & \".\\ScriptTest.ps1\"
```
Once the script path and name arguments are double quoted, they can contain space or single quotation mark characters (\').
The current folder will change from system32 to C:\\Temp and the script ScriptTest.ps1 will be executed. Once the parameter -NoExit was passed, the window wont be closed, even if your powershell script throws some exception.

回答6:

You can easily add some registry entries to get a \"Run as administrator\" context menu for .ps1 files:

New-Item -Path \"Registry::HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\Microsoft.PowershellScript.1\\Shell\\runas\\command\" `
-Force -Name \'\' -Value \'\"c:\\windows\\system32\\windowspowershell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe\" -noexit \"%1\"\'

(updated to a simpler script from @Shay)

Basically at HKCR:\\Microsoft.PowershellScript.1\\Shell\\runas\\command set the default value to invoke the script using Powershell.

回答7:

Using

#Requires -RunAsAdministrator

has not been stated, yet. It seems to be there only since PowerShell 4.0.

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh847765.aspx

When this switch parameter is added to your requires statement, it specifies that the Windows PowerShell session in which you are running the script must be started with elevated user rights (Run as Administrator).

To me, this seems like a good way to go about this, but I\'m not sure of the field experience, yet. PowerShell 3.0 runtimes probably ignore this, or even worse, give an error.

When the script is run as a non-administrator, the following error is given:

The script \'StackOverflow.ps1\' cannot be run because it contains a \"#requires\" statement for running as Administrator. The current Windows PowerShell session is not running as Administrator. Start Windows PowerShell by using the Run as Administrator option, and then try running the script again.
+ CategoryInfo          : PermissionDenied: (StackOverflow.ps1:String) [], ParentContainsErrorRecordException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : ScriptRequiresElevation

回答8:

The code posted by Jonathan and Shay Levy did not work for me.

Please find the working code below:

If (-NOT ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] \"Administrator\"))
{   
#\"No Administrative rights, it will display a popup window asking user for Admin rights\"

$arguments = \"& \'\" + $myinvocation.mycommand.definition + \"\'\"
Start-Process \"$psHome\\powershell.exe\" -Verb runAs -ArgumentList $arguments

break
}
#\"After user clicked Yes on the popup, your file will be reopened with Admin rights\"
#\"Put your code here\"

回答9:

You need to rerun the script with administrative privileges and check if the script was launched in that mode. Below I have written a script that has two functions: DoElevatedOperations and DoStandardOperations. You should place your code that requires admin rights into the first one and standard operations into the second. The IsRunAsAdmin variable is used to identify the admin mode.

My code is an simplified extract from the Microsoft script that is automatically generated when you create an app package for Windows Store apps.

param(
    [switch]$IsRunAsAdmin = $false
)

# Get our script path
$ScriptPath = (Get-Variable MyInvocation).Value.MyCommand.Path

#
# Launches an elevated process running the current script to perform tasks
# that require administrative privileges.  This function waits until the
# elevated process terminates.
#
function LaunchElevated
{
    # Set up command line arguments to the elevated process
    $RelaunchArgs = \'-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -file \"\' + $ScriptPath + \'\" -IsRunAsAdmin\'

    # Launch the process and wait for it to finish
    try
    {
        $AdminProcess = Start-Process \"$PsHome\\PowerShell.exe\" -Verb RunAs -ArgumentList $RelaunchArgs -PassThru
    }
    catch
    {
        $Error[0] # Dump details about the last error
        exit 1
    }

    # Wait until the elevated process terminates
    while (!($AdminProcess.HasExited))
    {
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
    }
}

function DoElevatedOperations
{
    Write-Host \"Do elevated operations\"
}

function DoStandardOperations
{
    Write-Host \"Do standard operations\"

    LaunchElevated
}


#
# Main script entry point
#

if ($IsRunAsAdmin)
{
    DoElevatedOperations
}
else
{
    DoStandardOperations
}

回答10:

C:\\Users\\\"username\"\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Windows PowerShell is where the shortcut of PowerShell resides. It too still goes to a different location to invoke the actual \'exe\' (%SystemRoot%\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe).

Since PowerShell is user-profile driven when permissions are concerned; if your username/profile has the permissions to do something then under that profile, in PowerShell you would generally be able to do it as well. That being said, it would make sense that you would alter the shortcut located under your user profile, for example, C:\\Users\\\"username\"\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Windows PowerShell.

Right-click and click properties. Click \"Advanced\" button under the \"Shortcut\" tab located right below the \"Comments\" text field adjacent to the right of two other buttons, \"Open File Location\" and \"Change Icon\", respectively.

Check the checkbox that reads, \"Run as Administrator\". Click OK, then Apply and OK. Once again right click the icon labeled \'Windows PowerShell\' located in C:\\Users\\\"username\"\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Windows PowerShell and select \"Pin to Start Menu/Taskbar\".

Now whenever you click that icon, it will invoke the UAC for escalation. After selecting \'YES\', you will notice the PowerShell console open and it will be labeled \"Administrator\" on the top of the screen.

To go a step further... you could right click that same icon shortcut in your profile location of Windows PowerShell and assign a keyboard shortcut that will do the exact same thing as if you clicked the recently added icon. So where it says \"Shortcut Key\" put in a keyboard key/button combination like: Ctrl + Alt + PP (for PowerShell). Click Apply and OK.

Now all you have to do is press that button combination you assigned and you will see UAC get invoked, and after you select \'YES\' you will see a PowerShell console appear and \"Administrator\" displayed on the title bar.

回答11:

You can also force the application to open as administrator. If you have an administrator account of course.

$\"enter$

Locate the file, right click > properties > Shortcut > Advanced and check Run as Administrator

Then Click OK.

回答12:

A number of the answers here are close, but a little more work than needed.

Create a shortcut to your script and configure it to \"Run as Administrator\":

Create the shortcut.
Right-click shortcut and open Properties...
Edit Target from <script-path> to powershell <script-path>
Click Advanced... and enable Run as administrator

回答13:

This behavior is by design. There are multiple layers of security since Microsoft really didn\'t want .ps1 files to be the latest email virus. Some people find this to be counter to the very notion of task automation, which is fair. The Vista+ security model is to \"de-automate\" things, thus making the user okay them.

However, I suspect if you launch powershell itself as elevated, it should be able to run batch files without requesting the password again until you close powershell.

回答14:

Another simpler solution is that you may also right click on \"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe\" and choose \"Run as Administrator\" then you can run any app as administrator without providing any password.

回答15:

I have found a way to do this...

Create a batch file to open your script:

@echo off
START \"\" \"C:\\Scripts\\ScriptName.ps1\"

Then create a shortcut, on your desktop say (right click New -> Shortcut).

Then paste this into the location:

C:\\Windows\\System32\\runas.exe /savecred /user:*DOMAIN*\\*ADMIN USERNAME* C:\\Scripts\\BatchFileName.bat

When first opening, you will have to enter your password once. This will then save it in the Windows credential manager.

After this you should then be able to run as administrator without having to enter a administrator username or password.

回答16:

The problem with the @pgk and @Andrew Odri\'s answers is when you have script parameters, specially when they are mandatory. You can solve this problem using the following approach:

The user right-clicks the .ps1 file and selects \'Run with PowerShell\': ask him for the parameters through input boxes (this is a much better option than use the HelpMessage parameter attribute);
The user executes the script through the console: allow him to pass the desired parameters and let the console force him to inform the mandatory ones.

Here is how would be the code if the script had the ComputerName and Port mandatory parameters:

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParametersetName=\'RunWithPowerShellContextMenu\')]
param (
    [parameter(ParameterSetName=\'CallFromCommandLine\')]
    [switch] $CallFromCommandLine,

    [parameter(Mandatory=$false, ParameterSetName=\'RunWithPowerShellContextMenu\')]
    [parameter(Mandatory=$true, ParameterSetName=\'CallFromCommandLine\')]
    [string] $ComputerName,

    [parameter(Mandatory=$false, ParameterSetName=\'RunWithPowerShellContextMenu\')]
    [parameter(Mandatory=$true, ParameterSetName=\'CallFromCommandLine\')]
    [UInt16] $Port
)

function Assert-AdministrativePrivileges([bool] $CalledFromRunWithPowerShellMenu)
{
    $isAdministrator = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)

    if ($isAdministrator)
    {
        if (!$CalledFromRunWithPowerShellMenu -and !$CallFromCommandLine)
        {
            # Must call itself asking for obligatory parameters
            & \"$PSCommandPath\" @script:PSBoundParameters -CallFromCommandLine
            Exit
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (!$CalledFromRunWithPowerShellMenu -and !$CallFromCommandLine)
        {
            $serializedParams = [Management.Automation.PSSerializer]::Serialize($script:PSBoundParameters)

            $scriptStr = @\"
                `$serializedParams = \'$($serializedParams -replace \"\'\", \"\'\'\")\'

                `$params = [Management.Automation.PSSerializer]::Deserialize(`$serializedParams)

                & \"$PSCommandPath\" @params -CallFromCommandLine
\"@

            $scriptBytes = [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($scriptStr)
            $encodedCommand = [Convert]::ToBase64String($scriptBytes)

            # If this script is called from another one, the execution flow must wait for this script to finish.
            Start-Process -FilePath \'powershell\' -ArgumentList \"-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -EncodedCommand $encodedCommand\" -Verb \'RunAs\' -Wait
        }
        else
        {
            # When you use the \"Run with PowerShell\" feature, the Windows PowerShell console window appears only briefly.
            # The NoExit option makes the window stay visible, so the user can see the script result.
            Start-Process -FilePath \'powershell\' -ArgumentList \"-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoProfile -NoExit -File \"\"$PSCommandPath\"\"\" -Verb \'RunAs\'
        }

        Exit
    }
}

function Get-UserParameters()
{
    [string] $script:ComputerName = [Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::InputBox(\'Enter a computer name:\', \'Testing Network Connection\')

    if ($script:ComputerName -eq \'\')
    {
        throw \'The computer name is required.\'
    }

    [string] $inputPort = [Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::InputBox(\'Enter a TCP port:\', \'Testing Network Connection\')

    if ($inputPort -ne \'\')
    {
        if (-not [UInt16]::TryParse($inputPort, [ref]$script:Port))
        {
            throw \"The value \'$inputPort\' is invalid for a port number.\"
        }
    }
    else
    {
        throw \'The TCP port is required.\'
    }
}

# $MyInvocation.Line is empty in the second script execution, when a new powershell session
# is started for this script via Start-Process with the -File option.
$calledFromRunWithPowerShellMenu = $MyInvocation.Line -eq \'\' -or $MyInvocation.Line.StartsWith(\'if((Get-ExecutionPolicy\')

Assert-AdministrativePrivileges $calledFromRunWithPowerShellMenu

# Necessary for InputBox
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::Load(\'Microsoft.VisualBasic, Version=10.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a\') | Out-Null

if ($calledFromRunWithPowerShellMenu)
{
    Get-UserParameters
}

# ... script code
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $ComputerName -Port $Port

回答17:

I am using the solution below. It handles stdout/stderr via transcript feature and passes exit code correctly to parent process. You need to adjust transcript path/filename.

If (-NOT ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] \"Administrator\"))
{ 
  echo \"* Respawning PowerShell child process with elevated privileges\"
  $pinfo = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo
  $pinfo.FileName = \"powershell\"
  $pinfo.Arguments = \"& \'\" + $myinvocation.mycommand.definition + \"\'\"
  $pinfo.Verb = \"RunAs\"
  $pinfo.RedirectStandardError = $false
  $pinfo.RedirectStandardOutput = $false
  $pinfo.UseShellExecute = $true
  $p = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process
  $p.StartInfo = $pinfo
  $p.Start() | Out-Null
  $p.WaitForExit()
  echo \"* Child process finished\"
  type \"C:/jenkins/transcript.txt\"
  Remove-Item \"C:/jenkins/transcript.txt\"
  Exit $p.ExitCode
} Else {
  echo \"Child process starting with admin privileges\"
  Start-Transcript -Path \"C:/jenkins/transcript.txt\"
}

# Rest of your script goes here, it will be executed with elevated privileges

回答18:

Adding my 2 cents. My simple version based on net session which works all the time so far in Windows 7 / Windows 10. Why over complicate it?

if (!(net session)) {$path =  \"& \'\" + $myinvocation.mycommand.definition + \"\'\" ; Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList $path ; exit}

just add to the top of the script and it will run as administrator.

回答19:

On top of Shay Levy\'s answer, follow the below setup (just once)

Start a PowerShell with Administrator rights.
Follow Stack Overflow question PowerShell says “execution of scripts is disabled on this system.”.
Put your .ps1 file in any of the PATH folders, for example. Windows\\System32 folder

After the setup:

Press Win + R
Invoke powershell Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs <ps1_file>

You can now run everything in just one command line. The above works on Windows 8 Basic 64-bit.

回答20:

The most reliable way I\'ve found is to wrap it in a self-elevating .bat file:

@echo off
NET SESSION 1>NUL 2>NUL
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 GOTO ADMINTASKS
CD %~dp0
MSHTA \"javascript: var shell = new ActiveXObject(\'shell.application\'); shell.ShellExecute(\'%~nx0\', \'\', \'\', \'runas\', 0); close();\"
EXIT

:ADMINTASKS

powershell -file \"c:\\users\\joecoder\\scripts\\admin_tasks.ps1\"

EXIT

The .bat checks if you\'re already admin and relaunches the script as Administrator if needed. It also prevents extraneous \"cmd\" windows from opening with the 4th parameter of ShellExecute() set to 0.

回答21:

I haven\'t seen my own way of doing it before, so, try this out. It is way easier to follow and has a much smaller footprint:

if([bool]([Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).Groups -notcontains \"S-1-5-32-544\") {
    Start Powershell -ArgumentList \"& \'$MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path\'\" -Verb runas
    }

Very simply, if the current Powershell session was called with administrator privileges, the Administrator Group well-known SID will show up in the Groups when you grab the current identity. Even if the account is a member of that group, the SID won\'t show up unless the process was invoked with elevated credentials.

Nearly all of these answers are a variation on Microsoft\'s Ben Armstrong\'s immensely popular method of how to accomplish it while not really grasping what it is actually doing and how else to emulate the same routine.

回答22:

To append the output of the command to a text filename which includes the current date you can do something like this:

$winupdfile = \'Windows-Update-\' + $(get-date -f MM-dd-yyyy) + \'.txt\'
if (!([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] \"Administrator\")) { Start-Process powershell.exe \"-NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command `\"Get-WUInstall -AcceptAll | Out-File $env:USERPROFILE\\$winupdfile -Append`\"\" -Verb RunAs; exit } else { Start-Process powershell.exe \"-NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command `\"Get-WUInstall -AcceptAll | Out-File $env:USERPROFILE\\$winupdfile -Append`\"\"; exit }

回答23:

This is a clarification ...

The powershell RUNAS / SAVECRED credential \"is not safe\", tried it and it adds the admin identity and password into the credential cache and can be used elsewhere OOPS!. If you have done this I suggest you check and remove the entry.

Review your program or code because the Microsoft policy is you cannot have mixed user and admin code in the same code blob without the UAC (the entry point) to execute the program as admin. This would be sudo (same thing) on Linux.

The UAC has 3 types, dont\'see, a prompt or an entry point generated in the manifest of the program. It does not elevate the program so if there is no UAC and it needs admin it will fail. The UAC though as an administrator requirement is good, it prevents code execution without authentication and prevents the mixed codes scenario executing at user level.

回答24:

It turns out it was too easy. All you have to do is run a cmd as administrator. Then type explorer.exe and hit enter. That opens up Windows Explorer. Now right click on your PowerShell script that you want to run, choose \"run with PowerShell\" which will launch it in PowerShell in administrator mode.

It may ask you to enable the policy to run, type Y and hit enter. Now the script will run in PowerShell as administrator. In case it runs all red, that means your policy didn\'t take affect yet. Then try again and it should work fine.

标签： powershell administrator