Python: argparse optional arguments without dashes

问题:

I would like to have the following syntax:

python utility.py file1 FILE1 file2 FILE2

where file1 and file2 are optional arguments. It is simple to make it working with this syntax:

python utility.py --file1 FILE1 --file2 FILE2

using

parser.add_argument('--file1',type=file)
parser.add_argument('--file2',type=file)

however, if I remove the dashes, argparse starts to interprete it as a positional rather than optional argument...

In other words, is it possible to specifically tell argparse whether an argument is optional or positional so that I can have optional parameters without the dashes?

回答1:

There is no way to get argparse to do this for you. However, you can make argparse accept any number of positional arguments:

parser.add_argument('FILES',nargs='*')
options=parser.parse_args()
file1,optional_files=options.FILES[0],options.FILES[1:]

Of course, you may want to add some checks to make sure that at least 1 file was given, etc.

EDIT

I'm still not 100% sure what you want here, but if file1 and file2 are literal strings, you can work around that a little bit by preprocessing sys.argv. Of course, this will still format your help message strangely, but you can always add an epilog explaining that either form is OK:

import argparse
import sys

mangle_args=('file1','file2')
arguments=['--'+arg if arg in mangle_args else arg for arg in sys.argv[1:]]

parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--file1')
parser.add_argument('--file2')
options=parser.parse_args(arguments)

回答2:

Another Example would be:

train.py

import argparse
if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Arguments for wake_word")
    parser.add_argument('data', type=str, help="path to data")
    parser.add_argument('output', type=str, help="model save path")
    parser.add_argument('batch_size', type=int, help="batch size")
    parser.add_argument('epochs', type=int, help="no.s of epochs")
    args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.data + args.output + args.batch_size + args.epochs)

then you can just run this code with arguments without dash

train.py /path/to/data/ /path/to/output_files/ 128 100

And, in ascending order