How to import python file located in same subdirec

问题:

I have an input error in pycharm when debugging and running.

My project structure is rooted properly, etc./HW3/. so that HW3 is the root directory.

I have a subfolder in HW3, util, and a file, util/util.py. I have another file in util called run_tests.py.

In run_tests.py, I have the following import structure,

from util.util import my_functions, etc.

This yields an input error, from util.util import load_dataset,proportionate_sample ImportError: No module named 'util.util'; 'util' is not a package

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However, in the exact same project, in another directory (same level as util) called data, I have a file data/data_prep.py, which also imports functions from util/util.py using a similar import statement...and it runs without any problems.

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Obviously, I am doing this in the course of doing a homework, so please understand: this is ancillary to the scope of the homework.

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The problem goes away when I move the file to another directory. So I guess this question is How do I import a python file located in the same directory in a pycharm project? Because pycharm raises an error if I just do import util and prompts me to use the full name from the root.

回答1:

If you don't have an __init__.py create one and add this line

from util.util import my_function

then you can easily import the module in your scripts the __init__.py tells python that it should treat that folder as a python package, it can also be used to import/load modules too.

in most cases the __init__.py is empty.

Quoting the docs

The __init__.py files are required to make Python treat the directories as containing packages; this is done to prevent directories with a common name, such as string, from unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur later on the module search path. In the simplest case, __init__.py can just be an empty file, but it can also execute initialization code for the package or set the __all__ variable, described later.

回答2:

Recommended Way:

Make sure to set the working folder as Sources.

You can do it in Pycharm -> Preferences -> Project: XYZ -> Project Structure

Select your working folder and mark it as Sources. Then Pycharm recognize the working folder as a Source folder for the project and you will be able to simply add other files within that folder by using

import filename.py

or

from filename.py import mudule1

=================

Not recommended way:

In Pycharmyou can simply add . before the .py file which you are going to import it from the same folder. In your case it will be

from .util import my_functions

回答3:

Note: May be a bit unrelated.

I was facing the same issue but I was unable to import a module in the same directory (rather than subdirectory as asked by OP) when running a jupyter notebook (here the directory didn't have __init__.py). Strangely, I had setup python path and interpreter location and everything. None of the other answers helped but changing the directory in python did.

import os
os.chdir(/path/to/your/directory/)

I'm using PyCharm 2017.3 on Ubuntu 16.04

回答4:

I had the same issue with pycharm, but the actual mistake was that the file I was trying to import didn't have a .py extension, even though I was able to run it as a standalone script. Look in the explorer window and make sure it has a .py extension. If not, right click on the file in the explorer window, pick refactor, and then rename it with a .py extension.

回答5:

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'appTwo'

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from appTwo import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$',views.index,name='index'),
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^users/',include('appTwo.urls')),
]