CUDA not running in OpenCV even after successful b

问题:

I am trying to build OpenCV 2.4.10 on a Win 8.1 machine with CUDA 6.5. I have other third part libraries as well and they have installed successfully. I ram a simple GPU based program and I got this error No GPU found or the library was compiled without GPU support. I also ran the sample exe files like performance_gpu.exe that were built during the installation and I got the same error. I also had WITH_CUDA flag checked. Following are the flags (related to CUDA) that were set during the CMAKE build.

• WITH_CUDA : Checked
• WITH_CUBLAS : Checked
• WITH_CUFFT : Checked
• CUDA_ARCH_BIN : 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.1(2.0) 3.0 3.5
• CUDA_ARCH_PTX : 3.0
• CUDA_FAST_MATH : Checked
• CUDA_GENERATION : Auto
• CUDA_HOST_COMPILER : $(VCInstallDir)bin
• CUDA_SPERABLE_COMPILATION : Unchecked
• CUDA_TOOLKIT_ROOT_DIR : C:/Program Files/NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit/CUDA/v6.5

Another thing is that in some posts I have read that along with CUDA the built takes a lot of time. My build takes ~ 3 Hrs where maximum time is taken up during the compilation of .cu files. I have not got any errors as far as I know during the compilation of those files.

In some posts I have seen that people talk about a directory names gpu inside the build directory but I don't see any in mine!

I am using Visual Studio 2013.

What could be the issue? Please help!

UPDATE:

I again tried to build opencv and this time before starting the build I added the bin, lib and include directories of CUDA. After the build in E:\opencv\build\bin\Release I ran gpu_perf4au.exe and I got this output

[----------]
[   INFO   ]    Implementation variant: cuda.
[----------]
[----------]
[ GPU INFO ]    Run test suite on GeForce GTX 860M GPU.
[----------]
Time compensation is 0
OpenCV version: 2.4.10
OpenCV VCS version: unknown
Build type: release
Parallel framework: tbb
CPU features: sse sse2 sse3 ssse3 sse4.1 sse4.2 avx avx2
[----------]
[ GPU INFO ]    Run on OS Windows x64.
[----------]
*** CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking) ***

Device count: 1

Device 0: "GeForce GTX 860M"
  CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          6.50 / 6.50
  CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    5.0
  Total amount of global memory:                 2048 MBytes (2147483648 bytes)
  GPU Clock Speed:                               1.02 GHz
  Max Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)             1D=(65536), 2D=(65536,65536), 3
D=(4096,4096,4096)
  Max Layered Texture Size (dim) x layers        1D=(16384) x 2048, 2D=(16384,16
384) x 2048
  Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
  Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
  Total number of registers available per block: 65536
  Warp size:                                     32
  Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
  Maximum sizes of each dimension of a block:    1024 x 1024 x 64
  Maximum sizes of each dimension of a grid:     2147483647 x 65535 x 65535
  Maximum memory pitch:                          2147483647 bytes
  Texture alignment:                             512 bytes
  Concurrent copy and execution:                 Yes with 1 copy engine(s)
  Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
  Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory:            No
  Support host page-locked memory mapping:       Yes
  Concurrent kernel execution:                   Yes
  Alignment requirement for Surfaces:            Yes
  Device has ECC support enabled:                No
  Device is using TCC driver mode:               No
  Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA):      Yes
  Device PCI Bus ID / PCI location ID:           1 / 0
  Compute Mode:
      Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simul
taneously)

deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version  = 6.50, CUDA Runtime Ver
sion = 6.50, NumDevs = 1

I thought that every thing was fine but after running this program where I had included all opencv and CUDA directories in its property files,

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2\gpu\gpu.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

char key;

Mat thresholder (Mat input) {
    gpu::GpuMat dst, src;
    src.upload(input);
    gpu::threshold(src, dst, 128.0, 255.0, CV_THRESH_BINARY);
    Mat result_host(dst);
    return result_host;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    cvNamedWindow("Camera_Output", 1);
    CvCapture* capture = cvCaptureFromCAM(CV_CAP_ANY);

    while (1){
        IplImage* frame = cvQueryFrame(capture);
        IplImage* gray_frame = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(frame), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
        cvCvtColor(frame, gray_frame, CV_RGB2GRAY);

        Mat temp(gray_frame);
        Mat thres_temp;
        thres_temp = thresholder(temp);
        //cvShowImage("Camera_Output", frame);   //Show image frames on created window
        imshow("Camera_Output", thres_temp);

        key = cvWaitKey(10);
        if (char(key) == 27){
            break;      //If you hit ESC key loop will break.
        }
    }
    cvReleaseCapture(&capture);
    cvDestroyWindow("Camera_Output");
    return 0;
}

I got the error:

OpenCV Error: No GPU support (The library is compiled without CUDA support) in E
mptyFuncTable::mallocPitch, file C:\builds\2_4_PackSlave-win64-vc12-shared\openc
v\modules\dynamicuda\include\opencv2/dynamicuda/dynamicuda.hpp, line 126

回答1:

Thanks to @BeRecursive for giving me a lead to solve my issue. The CMAKE build log has three unavailable opencv modules namely androidcamera, dynamicuda and viz. I could not find any information on dynamicuda i.e. the module whose unavailability might have caused the error that I mentioned in the question. Instead I searched for viz module and checked how is it installed.

After going through some blogs and forums I found out that viz module has not been included in the pre-built versions of OpenCV. It was recommended to build from source version 2.4.9. I thought to give it a try and I installed it with VS 2013 and CMAKE 3.0.1 but there were many build failures and warnings. Upon further search I found that CMAKE versions 3.0.x aren't recommended for building OpenCV as they are producing many warnings.

At last I decided to switch to VS 2010 and CMAKE 2.8.12.2 and after building the source I got no error and luckily the after adding all executables, libraries and DLLs in the PATH, when I ran my program that I have mentioned above I got no errors but it is running very slowly! So I ran this program:

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2\core\core.hpp>
#include <opencv2\gpu\gpu.hpp>
#include <opencv2\highgui\highgui.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

Mat thresholder(Mat input) {
    cout << "Beginning thresholding using GPU" << endl;
    gpu::GpuMat dst, src;
    src.upload(input);
    cout << "upload done ..." << endl;
    gpu::threshold(src, dst, 128.0, 255.0, CV_THRESH_BINARY);
    Mat result_host(dst);
    cout << "Thresolding complete!" << endl;
    return result_host;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Mat image, gray_image;
    image = imread("desert.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR);   // Read the file
    if (!image.data) {
        cout << "Could not open or find the image" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
    cout << "Orignal image loaded ..." << endl;
    cvtColor(image, gray_image, CV_BGR2GRAY);
    cout << "Original image converted to Grayscale" << endl;

    Mat thres_image;
    thres_image = thresholder(gray_image);

    namedWindow("Original Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);// Create a window for display.
    namedWindow("Gray Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    namedWindow("GPU Threshed Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("Original Image", image);
    imshow("Gray Image", gray_image);
    imshow("GPU Threshed Image", thres_image);

    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

Later I even tested the build on VS 2013 and it also worked.

The GPU based programs are slow due to reasons mentioned here.

So three important things I want to point out:

• BUILD from source only
• Use a little older version of CMAKE
• Prefer VS 2010 for building the binaries.

NOTE:

• This might sound weird but all my first BUILDS failed due to some linker error. So, I don't know whether this is work around or not but try to build opencv_gpu before anything and all other modules one by one after that and then build ALL_BUILDS and INSTALL projects.
• When you build this way in DEBUG mode you might get an error iff you are building opencv with Python support i.e. "python27_d.lib" otherwise all projects will be built successfully.

WEB SOURCES:

Following are web sources that helped me in solving my problem:

• http://answers.opencv.org/question/32502/opencv-249-viz-module-not-there/
• http://home.eps.hw.ac.uk/~cgb7/opencv/opencv_tutorial.pdf
• http://perso.uclouvain.be/allan.barrea/opencv/opencv.html
• http://eavise.wikispaces.com/Building+OpenCV+yourself+on+Windows+7+x64+with+OpenCV+2.4.5+and+CUDA+5.0
• https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/767647/how-do-i-enable-cuda-when-installing-opencv-/

回答2:

So that is a run time error, being thrown by OpenCV. If you take a look at your CMake log fro your previous question, you can see that one of the Unavailable packages was dynamiccuda, which appears to be what that error is complaining about.

However, I don't have a lot of experience with Windows OpenCV so that could be a red herring. My gut feeling says that you don't have all the libraries correctly on the path. Have you made sure that you have the CUDA lib/include/bin on the PATH? Have you made sure that you have your OpenCV build lib/include directory on the path. Windows has a very simple linking order that essentially just includes the current directory, anything on the PATH and the main Windows directories. So, I would try making sure everything was correctly on the PATH/that you have copied all the correct libraries into the folder.

A note: this is different from a compiling/linking error because it is at RUNTIME. So setting the compiler paths will not help with runtime linking errors.