Installing Mono 3.x in Ubuntu/Debian

问题:

I've recently read that Mono 3.0 has been released with a C# 5 compiler and support for MVC 4 here:

http://www.mono-project.com/Release_Notes_Mono_3.0

and

http://tirania.org/blog/archive/2012/Oct-22.html

For the life of me I cannot work out where to get it from as a package for Linux or even Windows.

This page seems to suggest it's still in Beta:

http://www.go-mono.com/mono-downloads/download.html

I've tried doing a apt-get install mono-complete on Ubuntu 12.10 but it's installed 2.10.8.1.

I've tried installing MonoDevelop 3 on my Windows machine and that's only presented me with MVC 3 projects and appears to be using the .NET framework.

I'm entirely new to Mono and I've Googled everything possible to try and see how this works but am baffled. I'd love to get this working on Linux if possible and try some stuff out.

Can someone shed some light on this or do I need to be looking at building this from source?

回答1:

Mono 3.x is too bleeding edge for Ubuntu 12.10. Grab preview packages from directhex's PPA this way (this will install 3.2.1):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:directhex/monoxide

(If you use Ubuntu saucy 13.10, after adding the repository you need to edit the file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/directhex-monoxide-saucy.list and replace the word saucy with raring)

Then, after that:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

This will also get you MonoDevelop 4.x if you had monodevelop installed before.

NOTE: direchtex is not some random guy that created a PPA, he's part of the Debian/Ubuntu maintainer team of all the Mono and Mono-based packages. So using this is the most official way to upgrade your infrastructure.

---

And for the debian users out there: mono 3.0.6 and MonoDevelop 4.0.x is already available in debian testing. So what I recommend to get this is:

1. Install debian testing (currently named debian jessie).
2. Uninstall mono by doing sudo apt-get purge mono-runtime (after doing this, resist the temptation to do an sudo apt-get autoremove or you will break your system, something which I reported as a bug here).
3. Modify /etc/apt/sources.list, locate the first line that mentions the main source, and rename the word jessie to sid.
4. Do sudo apt-get update.
5. Install monodevelop via sudo apt-get install monodevelop, which will pull mono as a dependency too.
6. Revert what you did in step 3.
7. Do step 4 again.

This way you have a more or less modern distro (as opposed to debian stable), plus very very modern mono packages (the bleeding edge versions for Mono are normally pretty stable).

F# users: Mono 3.0.6 has a bug that prevents this language to work in this version, please use Mono 3.2.x instead.

回答2:

Here is the complete guide for installing mono 3.0.1

For Beginners who don't know how to get the new Mono 3.0.1 version on Ubuntu 12.04 (Because i'm a beginner and i've been working on this for 3 days before making it work)

Getting root access to install and configure Mono 3.0.1

sudo -s
***type your root password***

Install vim editor

apt-get install vim

Install apache2

apt-get install apache2

Install tools for compiling mono

apt-get install autoconf automake libtool g++ gettext libglib2.0-dev libpng12-dev libfontconfig1-dev
apt-get install mono-gmcs
apt-get install git

Install apache2-threaded-dev (needed for compiling mod_mono)*

apt-get install apache2-threaded-dev

We will return to apache2 configuration later

Making the structure we need for getting the source code

cd /opt
mkdir mono-3.0

Move into that new folder before getting the source code

cd /opt/mono-3.0

Getting the source code from GitHub

git clone git://github.com/mono/mono.git
git clone git://github.com/mono/xsp.git
git clone git://github.com/mono/libgdiplus.git
git clone git://github.com/mono/mod_mono.git

Compile libgdiplus

cd /opt/mono-3.0/libgdiplus
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr  (the prefix is very important for Ubuntu 12.04)
make
make install

Compile mono

cd /opt/mono-3.0/mono/
make clean
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr  (the prefix is very important for Ubuntu 12.04)
make
make install

Compile xsp

cd /opt/mono-3.0/xsp
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr  (the prefix is very important for Ubuntu 12.04)
make
make install

Compile mod_mono

cd /opt/mono-3.0/mod_mono
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr  (the prefix is very important for Ubuntu 12.04)
make
make install

After the installation of mod_mono, the file mod_mono.conf *as been added to your apache2 folder(/etc/apache2)*

Configuring apache2

Configure the default site of apache ### (optional*)**

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
Modify the line "DocumentRoot /var/www" by "DocumentRoot /var/www/YourFolder" (YourFolder is the folder where you publishing your website!)

Configure the rights to YourFolder (optional*)**

cd /var/www/YourFolder
sudo chown -R root:www-data .
sudo chmod -R 774 .
sudo usermod -a -G www-data <yourusername>

Adding the mod_mono include in apache2.conf

vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Add "Include /etc/apache2/mod_mono.conf" at the end of the file (without quotes!)

Adding the pointer to ASP .NET 4.0 in mod_mono.conf

vim /etc/apache2/mod_mono.conf
Add "MonoServerPath /usr/bin/mod-mono-server4" (without quotes!) under the "If Modules condition"

Restart the apache2 server /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

回答3:

I've got installing mono 3.x from source down to a few steps on Ubuntu Raring:

1: Get the dependencies, all in one hit:

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake \
bison flex gtk-sharp2-gapi boo gdb valac libfontconfig1-dev \
libcairo2-dev libpango1.0-dev libfreetype6-dev libexif-dev \
libtiff4-dev libgif-dev zlib1g-dev libatk1.0-dev libjpeg8-dev \
libjpeg-turbo8-dev libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-dev libglade2-dev \
libart-2.0-dev libgnomevfs2-dev libgnome-desktop-dev \
libgnome2-dev libgnomecanvas2-dev libgnomeui-dev libgnomeprint2.2-dev \
libgnomeprintui2.2-dev libpanel-applet-4-dev \
libnautilus-extension-dev librsvg2-dev libgtkhtml3.14-dev \
libgtksourceview2.0-dev libgtksourceview2.0-dev libvte-dev \
libwnck-dev libnspr4-dev libnss3-dev libwebkit-dev libvala-0.18-dev

2: Create a folder somewhere to hold the source:

sudo mkdir /opt/mono-3

3: Clone into the folder with git

cd /opt/mono-3
sudo git clone git://github.com/mono/mono.git
cd  mono
sudo git checkout mono-3.0.12

4: Build & Install

sudo ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local
sudo make
sudo make install

That's it!

To get the latest changes in System.Drawing.dll and System.Windows.Forms.dll you also need configure, build and install libgdiplus.

 cd libgdiplus
 ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local
 make
 make install

回答4:

apt-get install installs whichever version of Mono your distribution ships with, which seems to be 2.10.8.1. Your distribution may or may not have newer Mono packages, you may have to select some newer update channel in your distribution's package manager. Since you did not mention which Linux distribution (and which version of it) you're using, this is impossible to answer.

apt-get suggests that it's something Debian/Ubuntu-based, but there are many different versions. I'm a Mac person, so I just don't know.

See http://www.mono-project.com/Compiling_Mono for instructions on how to compile from source.

However, this question really belongs on superuser.com, you'll get better answers if you ask it there.

回答5:

I didn't find this linked from anywhere, so it's probably unofficial, but you can get the Windows installer for Mono 3.0.10 from here:

http://download.mono-project.com/archive/3.0.10/windows-installer/mono-3.0.10-gtksharp-2.12.11-win32-0.exe

Edit: To ensure that you're downloading the latest version, open http://download.mono-project.com/archive/, and check each of the version subdirectories (starting from the last and moving back) until you find one that contains a "windows-installer" subdirectory.

回答6:

There is now a link to a Windows installer for Mono 3.0.1. Unfortunately it doesn't seem to install on Windows 7 64bit. You may have better luck.

http://www.go-mono.com/mono-downloads/download.html

回答7:

To complete Dominique Goudreault's great solution concerning " Denis The Menace's question in the comments, "Ubuntu 13.04 x86. It says /usr/bin/ld: testgdi.o: undefined reference to symbol 'g_print'"

Please follow this simple trick which got it done for me.

http://www.sgvulcan.com/libgdiplus-2-10-9-build-fails-on-slacware-current64-2012-06/

I can't reply to the comment as I wished, so I have to put up another answer here, any suggestion for a better practice?

Update: Opps, I didn't notice David V has already pointed out the solution, gave all credit to him, my link says the same thing, but maybe provided a clearer path. :P