How to split a string in shell and get the last fi

问题:

Suppose I have the string 1:2:3:4:5 and I want to get its last field (5 in this case). How do I do that using Bash? I tried cut, but I don't know how to specify the last field with -f.

回答1:

You can use string operators:

$ foo=1:2:3:4:5
$ echo ${foo##*:}
5

This trims everything from the front until a ':', greedily.

${foo  <-- from variable foo
  ##   <-- greedy front trim
  *    <-- matches anything
  :    <-- until the last ':'
 }

回答2:

Another way is to reverse before and after cut:

$ echo ab:cd:ef | rev | cut -d: -f1 | rev
ef

This makes it very easy to get the last but one field, or any range of fields numbered from the end.

回答3:

It's difficult to get the last field using cut, but here's (one set of) solutions in awk and perl

$ echo 1:2:3:4:5 | awk -F: '{print $NF}'
5
$ echo 1:2:3:4:5 | perl -F: -wane 'print $F[-1]'
5

回答4:

Assuming fairly simple usage (no escaping of the delimiter, for example), you can use grep:

$ echo "1:2:3:4:5" | grep -oE "[^:]+$"
5

Breakdown - find all the characters not the delimiter ([^:]) at the end of the line ($). -o only prints the matching part.

回答5:

One way:

var1="1:2:3:4:5"
var2=${var1##*:}

Another, using an array:

var1="1:2:3:4:5"
saveIFS=$IFS
IFS=":"
var2=($var1)
IFS=$saveIFS
var2=${var2[@]: -1}

Yet another with an array:

var1="1:2:3:4:5"
saveIFS=$IFS
IFS=":"
var2=($var1)
IFS=$saveIFS
count=${#var2[@]}
var2=${var2[$count-1]}

Using Bash (version >= 3.2) regular expressions:

var1="1:2:3:4:5"
[[ $var1 =~ :([^:]*)$ ]]
var2=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}

回答6:

$ echo "a b c d e" | tr ' ' '\n' | tail -1
e

Simply translate the delimiter into a newline and choose the last entry with tail -1.

回答7:

Using sed:

$ echo '1:2:3:4:5' | sed 's/.*://' # => 5

$ echo '' | sed 's/.*://' # => (empty)

$ echo ':' | sed 's/.*://' # => (empty)
$ echo ':b' | sed 's/.*://' # => b
$ echo '::c' | sed 's/.*://' # => c

$ echo 'a' | sed 's/.*://' # => a
$ echo 'a:' | sed 's/.*://' # => (empty)
$ echo 'a:b' | sed 's/.*://' # => b
$ echo 'a::c' | sed 's/.*://' # => c

回答8:

If your last field is a single character, you could do this:

a="1:2:3:4:5"

echo ${a: -1}
echo ${a:(-1)}

Check string manipulation in bash.

回答9:

There are many good answers here, but still I want to share this one using basename :

 basename $(echo "a:b:c:d:e" | tr ':' '/')

However it will fail if there are already some '/' in your string. If slash / is your delimiter then you just have to (and should) use basename.

It's not the best answer but it just shows how you can be creative using bash commands.

回答10:

Using Bash.

$ var1="1:2:3:4:0"
$ IFS=":"
$ set -- $var1
$ eval echo  \$${#}
0

回答11:

echo "a:b:c:d:e"|xargs -d : -n1|tail -1

First use xargs split it using ":",-n1 means every line only have one part.Then,pring the last part.

回答12:

If you like python and have an option to install a package, you can use this python utility.

# install pythonp
pythonp -m pip install pythonp

echo "1:2:3:4:5" | pythonp "l.split(':')[-1]"
5

回答13:

for x in `echo $str | tr ";" "\n"`; do echo $x; done

回答14:

For those that comfortable with Python, https://github.com/Russell91/pythonpy is a nice choice to solve this problem.

$ echo "a:b:c:d:e" | py -x 'x.split(":")[-1]'

From the pythonpy help: -x treat each row of stdin as x.

With that tool, it is easy to write python code that gets applied to the input.

回答15:

a solution using the read builtin

IFS=':' read -a field <<< "1:2:3:4:5"
echo ${field[4]}

回答16:

Might be a little late with the answer though a simple solution is to reverse the ordering of the input string. This would allow you to always gain the last item no matter the length.

[chris@desktop bin]$ echo 1:2:3:4:5 | rev | cut -d: -f1
5

It is important to note though, if using this method and the numbers are larger than 1 digit (Or larger than one character in any circumstance), you will need to run another 'rev' command over the piped output.

[chris@desktop bin]$ echo 1:2:3:4:5:8:24 | rev | cut -d: -f1
42
[chris@desktop bin]$ echo 1:2:3:4:5:8:24 | rev | cut -d: -f1 | rev
24

Hope I can help, cheers