Efficiently duplicate some rows in PostgreSQL tabl

问题:

I have PostgreSQL 9 database that uses auto-incrementing integers as primary keys. I want to duplicate some of the rows in a table (based on some filter criteria), while changing one or two values, i.e. copy all column values, except for the ID (which is auto-generated) and possibly another column.

However, I also want to get the mapping from old to new IDs. Is there a better way to do it then just querying for the rows to copy first and then inserting new rows one at a time?

Essentially I want to do something like this:

INSERT INTO my_table (col1, col2, col3)
SELECT col1, 'new col2 value', col3
FROM my_table old
WHERE old.some_criteria = 'something'
RETURNING old.id, id;

However, this fails with ERROR: missing FROM-clause entry for table "old" and I can see why: Postgres must be doing the SELECT first and then inserting it and the RETURNING clauses only has access to the newly inserted row.

回答1:

RETURNING can only refer to the columns in the final, inserted row. You cannot refer to the "OLD" id this way unless there is a column in the table to hold both it and the new id.

Try running this which should work and will show all the possible values that you can get via RETURNING:

INSERT INTO my_table (col1, col2, col3)
    SELECT col1, 'new col2 value', col3
    FROM my_table AS old
    WHERE old.some_criteria = 'something'
RETURNING *;

It won't get you the behavior you want, but should illustrate better how RETURNING is designed to work.

回答2:

Good! I test this code, but I change this (FROM my_table AS old) in (FROM my_table) and this (WHERE old.some_criteria = 'something') in (WHERE some_criteria = 'something')

This is the final code that I use

INSERT INTO my_table (col1, col2, col3)
    SELECT col1, 'new col2 value', col3
    FROM my_table AS old
    WHERE some_criteria = 'something'
RETURNING *;

Thanks!

回答3:

This can be done with the help of data-modifiying CTEs (Postgres 9.1+):

WITH sel AS (
   SELECT id, col1, col3
        , row_number() OVER (ORDER BY id) AS rn  -- order any way you like
   FROM   my_table
   WHERE  some_criteria = 'something'
   ORDER  BY id  -- match order or row_number()
   )
,    ins AS (
   INSERT INTO my_table (col1, col2, col3)
   SELECT col1, 'new col2 value', col3
   FROM   sel
   ORDER  BY id  -- redundant to be sure
   RETURNING id
 )
SELECT s.id AS old_id, i.id AS new_id
FROM  (SELECT id, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY id) AS rn FROM ins) i
JOIN   sel s USING (rn);

SQL Fiddle demonstration.

This relies on the undocumented implementation detail that rows from a SELECT are inserted in the order provided (and returned in the order provided). It works in all current versions of Postgres and is not going to break. Related:

• Does Postgres preserve insertion order of records?

Window functions are not allowed in the RETURNING clause, so I apply row_number() in another subquery.

More explanation in this related later answer:

• INSERT INTO ... FROM SELECT ... RETURNING id mappings

回答4:

'old' is a reserved word, used by the rule rewrite system. [ I presume this query fragment is not part of a rule; in that case you would have phrased the question differently ]

回答5:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tmptable;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmptable as SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = 100;
UPDATE tmptable SET id = sbq.id from (select max(id)+1 as id from products) as sbq;
INSERT INTO products (SELECT * FROM tmptable);
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tmptable;

add another update before the insert to modify another field

UPDATE tmptable SET another = 'data';