Exposing a method which is inside a closure

问题:

When we are creating a method inside a closure it becomes private to that closure and can't be accessed until we expose it in some way.

How can it be exposed?

回答1:

You can return a reference to it...

var a = function() {

   var b = function() {
      // I'm private!
      alert('go away!');
   };

   return {
      b: b // Not anymore!
   };

};

See it on jsFiddle.

You could also bind it to the window object. But I prefer the method above, otherwise you are exposing it via a global variable (being a property of the window object).

回答2:

You need to pass it to the outside in some manner.

Example: http://jsfiddle.net/patrick_dw/T9vnn/1/

function someFunc() {

    var privateFunc = function() {
        alert('expose me!');
    }

    // Method 1: Directly assign it to an outer scope
    window.exposed = privateFunc;

    // Method 2: pass it out as a function argument
    someOuterFunction( privateFunc );

    // Method 3: return it
    return privateFunc;
}

someFunc()(); // alerts "expose me!"

function someOuterFunction( fn ) {
    fn(); // alerts "expose me!"
}

window.exposed(); // alerts "expose me!"

回答3:

You expose functions or properties of a closure by internally declaring them in this scope (which can change depending on invocation).

function example(val) {

    var value = val;

    this.getVal = function() {
        return value;
    }

    this.setVal = function(v) {
        value = v;
    }
}

var ex = new example(2);
ex.getVal();  // == 2
ex.setVal(4); // == null
ex.getVal();  // == 4

Methods declared in this can access variables declared using var, but not the other way 'round.

function example(val) {

    var value = val;

    var double = function(v) {
        return 2 * v;
    }

    this.getDouble = function() {
        return double(value);
    }
}


var ex = new example(2);
ex.getDouble(); // == 4

The function closes over the scope. What you want to do is to return a reference to a function that has access to the scope you require so you can invoke it at a later point.

If you need to create a function that calls a specific method at some later point,

var ex = new example(2);
var delayed_call = function() {
    return(ex.getDouble()); // == 4, when called
}
setTimeout(delayed_call, 1000);

If scoping is an issue,

var ex = new example(2);
var delayed_call = (function(ex_ref) {
    return function() {
        return(ex_ref.getDouble()); // == 4, when called
    }
})(ex); // create a new scope and capture a reference to ex as ex_ref
setTimeout(delayed_call, 1000);

You can inline most of this with the less readable example of,

setTimeout((function(ex_ref) {
    return function() {
        return(ex_ref.getDouble()); // == 4, when called
    })(new example(2))) 
    , 1000
);

setTimeout is just a convenient way of demonstrating execution in new scope.

var ex = new example(2);
var delayed_call = function() {
    return(ex.getDouble());
}
delayed_call(); // == 4

回答4:

For performance purposes you can invoke it this way:

var a = (function(){
   function _a(){}
   _a.prototype = (function(){
     var _test = function(){ console.log("test"); };
     return {
       test: _test
     }
   }());

  return new _a();
}());

// usage
var x = a;
x.test(); // "test"