MVVM : how to pass parameter to ViewModel's co

问题:

I'm using L. Bugnion's MVVM Light Framework.
What are some of the recommended approaches to pass parameters such as Customer's ID to ViewModel's constructor?

Edit: The parameter I need for each ViewModel is not something that is shared across models. it is something unique to each viewmodel instance.

回答1:

//Create a container class to pass via messenger service
    public class CarSelectedArgs
    {
      #region Declarations

      public Car Car { get; set; }

      #endregion

      #region Constructor

      public CarSelectedArgs(Car car)
      {
        Car = car;
      }

      #endregion
    }


    //example of view model sending message.
    public class SendingViewModel : ViewModelBase
    {
      private Car _car;
      public Car SelectedCar
      {
        get { return _car; }
        set
        {
          _car = value;
          if (value != null)
          {
            //messenger will notify all classes that have registered for a message of this type
            Messenger.Default.Send(new CarSelectedArgs(value));
          }
        }
      }
    }


    //Example of ViewModel registering to recieve a message
    public class SampleViewModel : ViewModelBase
    {
      #region Constructor

      public SampleViewModel()
      {
        Messenger.Default.Register<CarSelectedArgs>(this, OnCarSelected);
      }
      #endregion

      #region LocalMethods

      void OnCarSelected(CarSelectedArgs e)
      {

        var NewCar = e.Car;
      }

      #endregion
    }

回答2:

Request anything you want, via injection, using interfaces.

If you have settings shared across models, instantiate a singleton containing the values and expose them via ISomethingProvider and ISomethingEditor interfaces.

回答3:

For me the whole point of using MVVM Light is to avoid injecting anything into the constructor of a View Model. MVVM Light provides a Messaging facility that allows you to send your parameters to a listener registered inside of the View Model.

For example, this is my View Model from my WordWalkingStick project using VSTO and WPF:

using System;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Messaging;

namespace Songhay.Wpf.WordWalkingStick.ViewModels
{
    using Songhay.Office2010.Word;
    using Songhay.OpenXml;
    using Songhay.OpenXml.Models;
    using Songhay.Wpf.Mvvm;
    using Songhay.Wpf.Mvvm.ViewModels;

    /// <summary>
    /// View Model for the default Client
    /// </summary>
    public class ClientViewModel : ViewModelBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ClientViewModel"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        public ClientViewModel()
        {
            if(base.IsInDesignMode)
            {
                #region

                this._flatOpcSourceString = ApplicationUtility
                    .LoadResource(
 new Uri("/Songhay.Wpf.WordWalkingStick;component/PackedFiles/FlatOpcToHtml.xml",
                         UriKind.Relative));
                this._xhtmlSourceString = ApplicationUtility
                    .LoadResource(
 new Uri("/Songhay.Wpf.WordWalkingStick;component/PackedFiles/FlatOpcToHtml.html", 
                         UriKind.Relative));

                #endregion
            }
            else
            {
                this._flatOpcSourceString = "Loading…";
                this._xhtmlSourceString = "Loading…";

                //Receive MvvmLight message:
                Messenger.Default.Register(this, 
                     new Action<GenericMessage<TransformationMessage>>(
                message =>
                {
                    var tempDocFolder = 
 Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables("%UserProfile%/Desktop/");
                    var inputPath = tempDocFolder + "temp.docx";
                    var outputPath = tempDocFolder + "temp.html";

                    var flatOpcDoc = 
                            XDocument.Parse(message.Content.TransformationResult);
                    OpenXmlUtility.TransformFlatToOpc(flatOpcDoc, inputPath);

                    this.FlatOpcSourceString = flatOpcDoc.Root.ToString();

                    var settings = new SonghayHtmlConverterSettings()
                    {
                        PageTitle = "My Page Title " + DateTime.Now.ToString("U"),
                        UseEntityMap = false
                    };

                    OpenXmlUtility.WriteHtmlFile(inputPath, outputPath, settings);

                    var xhtmlDoc = XDocument.Load(outputPath);
                    this.XhtmlSourceString = xhtmlDoc.Root.ToString();

                }));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the flat opc source string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The flat opc source string.</value>
        public string FlatOpcSourceString
        {
            get
            {
                return _flatOpcSourceString;
            }
            set
            {
                _flatOpcSourceString = value;
                base.RaisePropertyChanged("FlatOpcSourceString");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the XHTML source string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The XHTML source string.</value>
        public string XhtmlSourceString
        {
            get
            {
                return _xhtmlSourceString;
            }
            set
            {
                _xhtmlSourceString = value;
                base.RaisePropertyChanged("XhtmlSourceString");
            }
        }

        string _flatOpcSourceString;
        string _xhtmlSourceString;
    }
}

You can see that MVVM Light is messaging (not injecting) values into the constructor (Messenger.Default.Register) with its Messenger.

回答4:

Here is what I do:

ViewModel needs to show a car window with car id passed as parameter:

ViewModel -> message to codebehind for view to open window. Message sends id.

Essentially in code behind:

var vm = new viewmodel(id); var view = new view(); view.datacontext = vm; view.show();

my viewmodel has a constructor that takes in an id.

回答5:

In the case of writing tests against the viewmodel I sometimes create an overload of the viewmodel constructor that takes an ISomething as a parameter. I have the default constructor call the second one with a default implementation of ISomething. In case of the test I call the constructor with a test implementation. I know it's not the best method, because it creates a dependency between the two classes... but sometimes you'll have to take the easy path...

public class SomeViewModel
{
  private ISomething internalSomething;

  public void SomeViewModel():this(new Something()){}

  public void SomeViewModel(ISomething something)
  {
    this.internalSomething = something;
  }    
}

Update

Creating a view in xaml can be like this:

<UserControl xmlns="...."
             xmlns:Example="SomeNamespace">

  <UserControl.DataContext>
     <Example:SomeViewModel />
  </UserControl.DataContext>

  <Grid>
     ...
  </Grid>
</UserControl>