Trouble running python script as cgi under apache

问题:

Disclosure: I searched a lot, and I don't think my question (for my configuration) is answered here. For example run python script as cgi apache server doesn't answer it.

So: I have a simplest script possible:

#!/usr/bin/env python

print "Content-type: text/html"
print ""

print "<h1>Hello from Python!</h1>"

When I run it in a browser, it literally displays itself instead of expected Hello from Python!

I did the following to make it run:

a) it is executable by everyone; It runs in a shell perfectly.

b) it is in a virtual directory that has the following configuration (in/etc/apache2/sites-available/my_cgi_dir):

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

    DocumentRoot /var/www/
    <Directory />
           Options FollowSymLinks
           AllowOverride None
    </Directory>
   <Directory /var/www/my_cgi_dir/>
           Options Indexes +ExecCGI FollowSymLinks MultiViews
           AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .py
           AllowOverride None
          Order allow,deny
          allow from all
   </Directory>

   ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
   <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
           AllowOverride None
           Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
           Order allow,deny
           Allow from all
   </Directory>

   ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
   LogLevel warn
   CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

As you see it has

       Options Indexes +ExecCGI FollowSymLinks MultiViews

and

       AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .py

c) I made sure apache has python support by running sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-python

d) Yes I did restart apache.

Still, I just see the script's source instead of "Hello Python".

What am I missing?

Please help.

---

PS: if that might help, here is what I am running:

Linux ip-172-31-37-178 3.2.0-40-virtual #64-Ubuntu SMP Mon Mar 25 21:42:18 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Server Version: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu)

Python 2.7.3

回答1:

What could also cause these symptoms, is that you don't have the apache2 cgi module loaded. This will also generate a log message in /var/log/apache2/access.log with an HTTP 304 error:

192.168.2.3 - - [26/Jul/2014:11:56:34 +0200] "GET /cgi-bin/hello.py HTTP/1.1" 304 179 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.125 Safari/537.36"

Check loaded modules with:

apache2ctl -M

Look for:

cgid_module (shared)

If it's not loaded, load it with:

a2enmod cgid

Then restart apache2:

service apache2 reload

Then refresh your browser and purge your browser cache (CTRL + F5). And/or restart your browser, to be sure it's requesting the actual page, instead of using the browser cache.

回答2:

try this

    <Directory /var/www/>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
            AllowOverride None
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
    </Directory>

cgi script

import cgi
import cgitb; cgitb.enable()
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"
print "<h1>Hello from Python!</h1>"

---

Why don't you configure like this? here.

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/my_cgi_dir/
<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

回答3:

In my case, I made a mistake with my ScriptAlias directive. I uncommented the original one, but forgot to configure a new one.

As soon as I correctly changed and saved my sites-available/default config file from this:

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">

.. to this:

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">

.. and reloaded apache2, it just worked: it stopped displaying my scripts as text, and started running them as a script. Also, it no longer displayed /var/www/cgi-bin as a directory in the browser, but now correctly displays the error:

Forbidden 
You don't have permission to access /cgi-bin/ on this server.

回答4:

I was having the same problem and tried all of the above. Nothing helped. In the end it turned out to be a really stupid mistake. Since many people seem to have problems with this, I will post it anyway:

I had not sym-linked my default site from "sites-available" to "sites-enabled" as described at the top of the apache.conf file:

[...] Configuration files in the mods-enabled/ and sites-enabled/ directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules or virtual host configurations, respectively.

They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite. See their respective man pages for detailed information. [...]

Thus, all my edits to the default file were not read by apache. Once I made the symlink, it worked.

回答5:

This worked for me,, as @flyking_ suggested, follow with some extra steps in the same order.

I had to change in the directory - I am using raspberrypi (NOOB version linux) /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

maintain the ones in these adding +ExecCGI and also Addhander cgi-script .cgi .py as below

<Directory /var/www/>
       Options Indexes +ExecCGI FollowSymLinks MultiViews
       AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .py
       AllowOverride None
      Order allow,deny
      allow from all

Then restart apache

service apache2 restart

This should restart the service, and verify whether the python script runs fine without errors in the terminal, before launching it in the browser.

If no errors, then the sampe script would run fine.

import cgi
import cgitb; cgitb.enable()
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"
print "<h1>Hello from Python!</h1>"

Imp: later my script worked fine even without both the imports.

Note: Clear the cache in the browser, or load it afresh with ctrl+F5. Hopefully this should solve.

If this doesnt solve, then try this as @user2449877 suggested Check loaded modules with:

 apache2ctl -M

Look for:

 cgid_module (shared)

If it's not loaded, load it with:

  a2enmod cgid    

Restart apache and then refresh browser

回答6:

In my case (which is a shared unix machine), I also need to create a hidden file ".htaccess" with the following:

Options +ExecCGI
SetHandler cgi-script 

It is also important to set the permissions accordingly (755 - group and other with no writing but execution permissions) as well as having:

#!/usr/bin/python

as a first line of the python CGI script.