How to correctly set Http Request Header in Angula

问题:

I have an Ionic 2 application using Angular 2, which is sending an Http PUT to a ASP.NET Core API server. Here's the method I'm using to send the request:

public update(student: Student): Promise<Student>
{
    let headers = new Headers();
    headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json');
    headers.append('authentication', `${student.token}`);

    const url = `${this.studentsUrl}`;

    return this.http
        .put(url, JSON.stringify(student), { headers: headers })
        .toPromise()
        .then(() => student)
        .catch(this.handleError);
}

I'm setting an authentication key/value on the headers object.

But when I receive this request on the server, I cannot find the authentication key on the header:

As you can see in the picture, there are many keys on the header, but not the content and authentication keys that I manually added to the header in the client application.

What am I doing wrong?

回答1:

Your parameter for the request options in http.put() should actually be of type RequestOptions. Try something like this:

let headers = new Headers();
headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json');
headers.append('authentication', `${student.token}`);

let options = new RequestOptions({ headers: headers });
return this.http
    .put(url, JSON.stringify(student), options)

回答2:

Angular 4 >

You can either choose to set the headers manually, or make an HTTP interceptor.

Prerequisites for Angular <4.3:

Please make sure you use @angular/common/http throughout your application (this got changed in Angular 4.3).

• Migrate to HttpClient Module
• Here you can find the Angular guide on HttpClient.

---

Manually

The HttpHeaders class is immutable, so every set() returns a new instance and applies the changes.

From the Angular docs.

Setting a header:

http
  .post('/api/items/add', body, {
    headers: new HttpHeaders().set('Authorization', 'my-auth-token'),
  })
  .subscribe();

Setting multiple headers:

this.http
.post('api/items/add', body, {
  headers: new HttpHeaders({
    'Authorization': 'my-auth-token',
    'x-header': 'x-value'
  })
}).subscribe()

Local variable (immutable instantiate again)

let headers = new HttpHeaders().set('header-name', 'header-value');
headers = headers.set('header-name-2', 'header-value-2');

this.http
  .post('api/items/add', body, { headers: headers })
  .subscribe()

---

HTTP interceptor

A major feature of @angular/common/http is interception, the ability to declare interceptors which sit in between your application and the backend. When your application makes a request, interceptors transform it before sending it to the server, and the interceptors can transform the response on its way back before your application sees it. This is useful for everything from authentication to logging.

From the Angular docs.

Make sure you use @angular/common/http throughout your application. That way your requests will be catched by the interceptor.

Step 1, create the service:

import * as lskeys from './../localstorage.items';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpEvent, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpRequest, HttpHeaders } from '@angular/common/http';

@Injectable()
export class HeaderInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

    intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
        if (true) { // e.g. if token exists, otherwise use incomming request.
            return next.handle(req.clone({
                setHeaders: {
                    'AuthenticationToken': localStorage.getItem('TOKEN'),
                    'Tenant': localStorage.getItem('TENANT')
                }
            }));
        }
        else {
            return next.handle(req);
        }
    }
}

Step 2, add it to your module:

providers: [
    {
      provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
      useClass: HeaderInterceptor,
      multi: true // Add this line when using multiple interceptors.
    },
    // ...
  ]

Useful links:

• Interceptor not working properly.
• APP_INITIALIZER not working in combination with interceptor

回答3:

This should be easily resolved by importing headers from Angular:

import { Http, Headers } from "@angular/http";

回答4:

We can do it nicely using Interceptors. You dont have to set options in all your services neither manage all your error responses, just define 2 interceptors (one to do something before sending the request to server and one to do something before sending the server's response to your service)

1. Define an AuthInterceptor class to do something before sending the request to the server. You can set the api token (retrieve it from localStorage, see step 4) and other options in this class.
2. Define an responseInterceptor class to do something before sending the server response to your service (httpClient). You can manage your server response, the most comon use is to check if the user's token is valid (if not clear token from localStorage and redirect to login).

3. In your app.module import HTTP_INTERCEPTORS from '@angular/common/http'. Then add to your providers the interceptors (AuthInterceptor and responseInterceptor). Doing this your app will consider the interceptors in all our httpClient calls.

4. At login http response (use http service), save the token at localStorage.

5. Then use httpClient for all your apirest services.

You can check some good practices on my github proyect here

回答5:

For us we used a solution like this:

this.http.get(this.urls.order + '&list', {
        headers: {
            'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
        }
    }).subscribe((response) => { ...

Reference here

回答6:

You have a typo.

Change: headers.append('authentication', ${student.token});

To: headers.append('Authentication', student.token);

NOTE the Authentication is capitalized