Turn an application or script into a shell command

问题:

When I want to run my python applications from commandline (under ubuntu) I have to be in the directory where is the source code app.py and run the application with command

python app.py

How can I make it (how is it conventionally done) to run the application from arbitrary directory with the command: app ? Similarly as you type ls, mkdir and other commands?

thank you

回答1:

Add the directory that the script is in to your path, make it executable, and add a proper shebang line.

In your .bashrc:

PATH=$PATH:/dir/to/the/script

Executable:

chmod +x myscript.py

At the top of the script, add the shebang line:

#!/usr/bin/env python

Then, from anywhere, you can just do:

myscript.py

(Note that you don't need a .py suffix, it could be called anything, e.g. app if you have a proper shebang line).

回答2:

1. Add a shebang line at the beginning of your file:

   #!/usr/bin/env python
   

2. Make your file executable by calling

   chmod +x app.py
   

   in the shell.

3. Move it to some location included in the PATH environment variable and rename it to app. Alternatively, add the path of the directory containing app to the PATH environment variable by adding the line

   export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/app
   

   to your .bash_profile.

回答3:

1. Add a shebang: as the top line of the file: #!/usr/bin/python or #!/usr/bin/python3 (you can use the python -B to prevent generation of .pyc files, which is why I don't use /usr/bin/env)

2. Make it executable: You will need to do chmod +x app.py

3. (optional) Add directory to path, so can call it anywhere: Add a directory with your executable to your $PATH environment variable. How you do so depends on your shell, but is either export PATH=$PATH:/home/you/some/path/to/myscripts (e.g. Linux distros which use bash) or setenv PATH $PATH:/home/you/some/path/to/myscripts (e.g. tcsh like in Mac OS X). You will want to put this, for example, in your .bashrc or whatever startup script you have, or else you will have to repeat this step every time you log in.

app.py will need to be in the myscripts (or whatever you name it) folder. You don't even need to call it app.py, but you can just rename it app.

If you wish to skip step #3, you can still do ./app to run it if you are in the same directory.

回答4:

Probably you want to symlink to your file location instead of adding another location to the path

chmod +x app.py
ln ~app.py /opt/local/bin/app

...assuming that /opt/local/bin is already in your path,.

Also, do not forget to add the shebang line to the first line of your script: #!/usr/bin/env python

回答5:

A solution some what different from the ones mentioned here: Use an alias.

alias app='python /path/to/app.py'

Add the above line to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_login file (or preferably to ~/.bash_aliases if you are on Ubuntu). Then you can simply use your script as a command line tool with app.

No need to add a shebang (thereby modifying your existing Python script), no need to make the script executable and no need to change your PATH.

回答6:

I'm pretty sure you have to make the script executable via chmod +x and put it in the PATH variable of your system.