Producing an animated comet plot in R

问题:

Are there any libraries or functions in R which would simplify the production of a comet plot? By this I mean an animated graph where the head (an arrow) traces the path of a particle, and it's body (a line) trails behind the head, with a length proportional to the velocity of the particle.

Matlab has a very simple comet() function documented here: http://www.mathworks.co.uk/help/matlab/ref/comet.html

An incredibly nice example of a comet plot showing current wind speeds is here: http://earth.nullschool.net/

I realise this is a very general question, but I have found absolutely nothing in R so far.

回答1:

How about this with animation

# required libraries
require(animation) # NB you must install ImageMagick
require(ggplot2)
require(grid) # for arrow()

# create a path with variable speed (1 point per time unit)
path<-data.frame(time=1:100,x=1:100,y=c((1:50)^2,(50:1)^2))
# plot it, just to see
ggplot(path)+geom_point(aes(x,y))

# work out the path and previous points of each observation
# average of previous 2 steps, but could be any number
steps<-2
path$prevx<-c(rep(0,steps),path$x[1:(nrow(path)-steps)])
path$prevy<-c(rep(0,steps),path$y[1:(nrow(path)-steps)])
path$prevtime<-c(rep(0,steps),path$time[1:(nrow(path)-steps)])
# then calculate the velocity at each point, and the angle (for the arrow)
# note we could just plot point to point, but that assumes the time units are regular
path$v<-((((path$x-path$prevx)^2)+((path$y-path$prevy)^2))^0.5)/(path$time-path$prevtime)
path$atan2<-atan2((path$x-path$prevx),(path$y-path$prevy))

# OK, we now have all the data; let's plot first without animation
ggplot(path)+geom_segment(aes(x = x-(v*sin(atan2)), y = y-(v*cos(atan2)), xend = x, yend = y),
                          arrow=arrow(length = unit(0.5, "cm")) ,
                          alpha=0.5, size=2,
                          color="blue")

# create function which takes a vector of rows (to plot a subset of arrows)
plot_arrow<-function(vec){
  alphas<-rev(1/(1:length(vec))^1.5) # this create an alpha scale
  g<-ggplot(path[vec,])+geom_segment(aes(x = x-(v*sin(atan2)), y = y-(v*cos(atan2)), xend = x, yend = y),
                               arrow=arrow(length = unit(0.5, "cm")) , # create arrow
                               alpha=alphas, size=2,
                               color="blue")+
    coord_cartesian(xlim=c(min(path$x),max(path$x)),ylim=c(min(path$y),max(path$y))) # fix width
  print(g)
}

# then create the animated GIF with 5 arrows per frame
saveGIF({
  lapply(1:nrow(path),function(x)plot_arrow(max(1,x-5):x))
},movie.name="comet.gif",interval=0.2)

PS: you can also remove the trailing arrowheads, by changing the plot_arrow() function call as follows [the arrow() call in 'geom_segment']:

arrow=arrow(length = unit(c(rep(0,length(vec)-1),0.5), "cm"))

回答2:

You can play with the excellent animation package.

Maybe you should change the points call to segments ( or call them together) , but this should be a good start.

library(animation)
saveGIF({
  ani.options(interval = 0.2, nmax = 10)
  t = seq(0,2*pi,.01)
  x = cos(2*t)*(cos(t)^2)
  y = sin(2*t)*(sin(t)^2)
  idx = seq(1,length(x),10)
  for (i in seq_along(idx)) {
    plot(x,y,type='n')
    points(x[seq(idx[i])],y[seq(idx[i])],pch=20,col='red')
    ani.pause()  ## pause for a while ('interval')
  }
}, interval = 0.05, movie.name = "comet_demo.gif", 
        outdir = "/usr/temp",ani.width = 600, ani.height = 600)