Method overloading and inheritance

问题:

I have the following classes:

public class BaseRepository
{
    public virtual void Delete(int id)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Delete by id in BaseRepository");
    }
}

public class EFRepository: BaseRepository
{
    public override void Delete(int id)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Delete by Id in EFRepository");
    }

    public void Delete(object entity)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Delete by entity in EFRepository");
    }
}

Then I use it like:

var repository = new EFRepository();
int id = 1;
repository.Delete(id);

Why in that case only EFRepository.Delete(object entity) will call?

回答1:

Basically, the way method invocation works in C# is that the compiler looks at the most derived class first, and sees whether any newly declared methods (not including overrides) are applicable for the arguments for the call. If there's at least one applicable method, overload resolution works out which is the best one. If there isn't, it tries the base class, and so on.

I agree this is surprising - it's an attempt to counter the "brittle base class" issue, but I would personally prefer that any overridden methods were included in the candidate set.

Method invocation is described in section 7.6.5.1 of the C# 5 specification. The relevant parts here is:

• The set of candidate methods is reduced to contain only methods from the most derived types: For each method C.F in the set, where C is the type in which the method F is declared, all methods declared in a base type of C are removed from the set. Furthermore, if C is a class type other than object, all methods declared in an interface type are removed from the set. (This latter rule only has affect when the method group was the result of a member lookup on a type parameter having an effective base class other than object and a non-empty effective interface set.)

And in the member lookup part of 7.4, override methods are explicitly removed:

Members that include an override modifier are excluded from the set.

回答2:

Because: public override void Delete(int id) will only override the base class method which one : public virtual void Delete(int id).

While public void Delete(object entity) is the EFRepository class method, so when you execute method from EFRepository object it will invoke to own method which is nothing but the public void Delete(object entity)