How to debug python CLI that takes stdin?

问题:

I'm trying to debug a Python CLI I wrote that can take its arguments from stdin. A simple test case would have the output of

echo "test" | python mytool.py

be equivalent to the output of

python mytool.py test

I'd like to debug some issues with this tool, so I tried to run this:

echo "test" | pdb mytool.py

But I get this output, then pdb exits:

> /path/to/mytool.py(5)<module>()
-> '''
(Pdb) *** NameError: name 'test' is not defined
(Pdb)

The same thing occurs when I add -m python to the shebang, and if I run pdb.set_trace() inside the script.

What's going on here?

回答1:

Another option is to create you own Pdb object, and set there the stdin and stdout. My proof of concept involves 2 terminals, but for sure some work can be merged some kind of very unsecure network server.

1. Create two fifos: mkfifo fifo_stdin mkfifo fifo_stdout

2. In one terminal, open stdout on background, and write to stdin: cat fifo_stdout & cat > fifo_stdin

3. In your python code/console create the pdb object, and use it: import pdb mypdb=pdb.Pdb(stdin=open('fifo_stdin','r'), stdout=open('fifo_stdout','w')) ... mypdb.set_trace() ...
4. Profit!

You should be able to use pdb on the first console.

The only drawback is having to use your custom pdb, but some monkey patching at init (PYTHONSTARTUP or similar) can help:

import pdb mypdb=pdb.Pdb(stdin=open('fifo_stdin','r'), stdout=open('fifo_stdout','w')) pdb.set_trace=mydbp.set_trace

回答2:

You can use another file descriptor. With bash you can create a new file descriptor with:

exec 3<> test.txt

And then on your python file have something like:

#!/usr/bin/python

# Use fd 3 as another stdin file.
import os
stdin=os.fdopen(3)

while True:
    s=stdin.readline()
    import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
    print len(s)

Just runing your script will use that test.txt as input, and you can use stdin on stdin. It can be used as well with pipes if you need.

回答3:

Your controlling TTY is still a terminal, right? Use this instead of pdb.set_trace.

def tty_pdb():
    from contextlib import (_RedirectStream,
                            redirect_stdout, redirect_stderr)
    class redirect_stdin(_RedirectStream):
        _stream = 'stdin'
    with open('/dev/tty', 'r') as new_stdin, \
         open('/dev/tty', 'w') as new_stdout, \
         open('/dev/tty', 'w') as new_stderr, \
         redirect_stdin(new_stdin), \
         redirect_stdout(new_stdout), redirect_stderr(new_stderr):
        __import__('pdb').set_trace()

Haven't gotten readline to autocomplete under these circumstances. Up arrow won't work either, or any other of the readline niceties.

回答4:

When you use pdb(or any other python debugger) it acquires stdin for debug commands, that's why you get NameError: name 'test' is not defined.

For example this command will quit debugger at the begging of a runtime and you wont get this error(nor interactive debugging) for one run:

(echo cont;echo "test") | python -m pdb mytool.py