Choose a random item from a table

问题:

My goal is to pick out a random item from a table in Lua.

This is what I've got so far, but it currently does not work:

local myTable = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' }
print( myTable[ math.random( 0, #myTable - 1 ) ] )

How can I fix the above code so that it works as intended? (Or which other method could I use?)

回答1:

Lua indexes tables from 1, unlike C, Java etc. which indexes arrays from 0. That means, that in your table, the valid indexes are: 1, 2, 3, 4. What you are looking for is the following:

print( myTable[ math.random( #myTable ) ] )

When called with one argument, math.random(n) returns a random integer from 1 to n including.

回答2:

I think the question also needs a more general answer. There is no limitation on lua tables to be built with a sequence of integers starting from 1. Keys can be really anything - they could even be other lua tables! In such cases, functions like #myTable might give an answer you don't expect (when used without any custom metatable functionality). The only reliable way to get all keys in a table is to iterate over it:

-- iterate over whole table to get all keys
local keyset = {}
for k in pairs(myTable) do
    table.insert(keyset, k)
end
-- now you can reliably return a random key
random_elem = myTable[keyset[math.random(#keyset)]]

I will also add that the original solution by Michal Kottman would work perfectly if all your keys are a sequence of numbers starting from 1. This happens whenever you create a table as myTable = {'a','b','c'}. So for situations where tables are built this way, getting random elements from the table would be faster his way.

回答3:

Test:

t = {'a', 'b', 'c'}
print(t[0])

gives nil. In fact 0 is out of bounds (try t[20])... so random must be from 1 to #myTable (inclusive) because the first element of a table is labeled (indexed) as 1 if you write just exp, see Table constructor ("Finally, fields of the form exp are equivalent to [i] = exp, where i are consecutive integers starting with 1.").

If you pass to math.random just an argument n, you obtain a random number from 1 to n inclusive. This fixes your example:

print(myTable[math.random(#myTable)])

回答4:

I personally use the following function inspired by @ahmadh

function random_elem(tb)
    local keys = {}
    for k in pairs(tb) do table.insert(tb, k) end
    return tb[keys[math.random(#keys)]]
end