Class-Only Protocols in Swift

问题:

I want some of my classes (not all) to conform using 'Class-Only Protocols' from docs. What I am doing is

protocol RefreshData: class, ClassA, ClassB
{
    func updateController()
}

and I am getting the errors

non class type 'RefreshData cannot inherit from classA
non class type 'RefreshData cannot inherit from classB

I'm not sure I am following exactly as in the docs. Does anyone have any ideas about this?

回答1:

Swift 4 allows you to combine types, so you can have your protocol and then create, for example, a type alias to combine it with a specific class requirement.

For (a contrived) example:

typealias PresentableVC = UIViewController & Presentable

---

For the presented code:

The problem is that you're trying to limit to specific classes and Swift can't do that (at the moment anyway). You can only limit to classes and inherit from other protocols. Your syntax is for protocol inheritance but you're trying to use it as a class limitation.

Note that the purpose of class protocols is:

Use a class-only protocol when the behavior defined by that protocol’s requirements assumes or requires that a conforming type has reference semantics rather than value semantics.

回答2:

The answers provided by Chris and Wain are correct. I'm just adding a few more details here.

Defining a protocol

You must distinguish the concept of declaring a protocol (available for classes)

protocol RefreshData: class {
    func updateController()
}

Defining a class

...from the concept of conforming your class to a protocol

class ClassA: RefreshData {
    func updateController() {

    }
}

Conforming a class you don't own

Sometimes you want to conform a class to a protocol but you don't own the source code for that class. In this case you can use an extension

extension ClassB: RefreshData {
    func updateController() {

    }
}

回答3:

Latest version of Swift can do it! I would do a protocol and protocol extensions that target the classes you want! (constraint the extension to specific class)

    protocol Movable {
        func moveForward()
        func moveBackward()
    }

    extension Movable where Self: Car {
        func moveForward() {
            self.location.x += 10;
        }

        func moveBackward() {
            self.location.x -= 10;
        }
    }
    extension Movable where Self: Bike {
        func moveForward() {
            self.x += 1;
        }

        func moveBackward() {
            self.x -= 1;
        }
    }

    class Car: Movable {
        var location: CGPoint

        init(atLocation location: CGPoint) {
            self.location = location
        }
    }

    class Bike: Movable {
        var x: Int

        init(atX x: Int) {
            self.x = x
        }
}

回答4:

protocol RefreshData : class
{
    func updateController()
}

class ClassA : RefreshData
{
    func updateController() {}
}

class ClassB : RefreshData
{
    func updateController() {}
}