Set to dict Python

问题:

is there any pythonic way to convert a set into a dict?

I got the following set

s = {1,2,4,5,6}

and want the following dict

c = {1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4:0, 5:0, 6:0}

with a list you would do

a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
b = []

while len(b) < len(a):
   b.append(0)

c = dict(itertools.izip(a,b))

回答1:

Use dict.fromkeys():

c = dict.fromkeys(s, 0)

Demo:

>>> s = {1,2,4,5,6}
>>> dict.fromkeys(s, 0)
{1: 0, 2: 0, 4: 0, 5: 0, 6: 0}

This works for lists as well; it is the most efficient method to create a dictionary from a sequence. Note all values are references to that one default you passed into dict.fromkeys(), so be careful when that default value is a mutable object.

回答2:

Besides the method given by @Martijn Pieters, you can also use a dictionary comprehension like this:

s = {1,2,4,5,6}
d = {e:0 for e in s}

This method is slower than dict.fromkeys(), but it allows you to set the values in the dict to whatever you need, in case you don't always want it to be zero.

You can also use it to create lists, lists comprehensions are faster and more pythonic that the loop that you have in your question. You can learn more about comprehensions here: http://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/datastructures.html#list-comprehensions

回答3:

This is also another way to do

s = {1,2,3,4,5}
dict([ (elem, 0) for elem in s ])