How can I use multiple constructors to remove dupl

问题:

int a, b, c;

Constructor()
{
    a = 5;
    b = 10;
    c = 15;
    //do stuff
}
Constructor(int x, int y)
{
    a = x;
    b = y;
    c = 15;
    //do stuff
}
Constructor(int x, int y, int z)
{
    a = x;
    b = y;
    c = z;
    //do stuff
}

To prevent duplication of "stuff" and a few assignments, I tried out something like:

int a, b, c;

Constructor(): this(5, 10, 15)
{
}
Constructor(int x, int y): this(x, y, 15)
{
}
Constructor(int x, int y, int z)
{
    a = x;
    b = y;
    c = z;
    //do stuff
}

This works for what I want to do, but sometimes I need to use some lengthy code to create new objects or do some calculations:

int a, b, c;

Constructor(): this(new Something(new AnotherThing(param1, param2, param3),
    10, 15).CollectionOfStuff.Count, new SomethingElse("some string", "another
    string").GetValue(), (int)Math.Floor(533 / 39.384))
{
}
Constructor(int x, int y): this(x, y, (int)Math.Floor(533 / 39.384))
{
}
Constructor(int x, int y, int z)
{
    a = x;
    b = y;
    c = z;
    //do stuff
}

This code is pretty much the same as before, only the parameters that are being passed aren't very readable. I would prefer doing something like:

int a, b, c;

Constructor(): this(x, y, z) //compile error, variables do not exist in context
{
    AnotherThing at = new AnotherThing(param1, param2, param3);
    Something st = new Something(aThing, 10, 15)
    SomethingElse ste = new SomethingElse("some string", "another string");

    int x = thing.CollectionOfStuff.Count;
    int y = ste.GetValue();
    int z = (int)Math.Floor(533 / 39.384);

    //In Java, I think you can call this(x, y, z) at this point.
    this(x, y, z); //compile error, method name expected
}
Constructor(int x, int y): this(x, y, z) //compile error
{
    int z = (int)Math.Floor(533 / 39.384);
}
Constructor(int x, int y, int z)
{
    a = x;
    b = y;
    c = z;
    //do stuff
}

Basically I'm building the parameters within the constructor body. Then I'm trying to pass those built parameters to another constructor. I think I remember being able to use the "this" and "super" keywords to call constructors while inside the body of another constructor when coding in Java. It doesn't seem possible in C#.

Is there a way to do this easily? Did I do something incorrectly? If this is not possible, should I just stick with the unreadable code?

I guess I could always cut the duplicated code into another method completely outside the constructors. Then each constructor would just do its own thing and call the code shared by the other constructors.

回答1:

As an alternative to calling an initialization method from all constructors (which prevents you from using readonly fields) or factory methods (which introduce additional complexity when you have derived classes), you can use a parameter object:

int a, b, c;

public Constructor()
    : this(new ConstructorParameters())
{
}

public Constructor(int x, int y)
    : this(new ConstructorParameters(x, y))
{
}

public Constructor(int x, int y, int z)
{
    a = x;
    b = y;
    c = z;
    //do stuff 
} 

private Constructor(ConstructorParameters parameters)
    : this(parameters.X, parameters.Y, parameters.Z)
{
}

private class ConstructorParameters
{
    public int X;
    public int Y;
    public int Z;

    public ConstructorParameters()
    {
        AnotherThing at = new AnotherThing(param1, param2, param3); 
        Something st = new Something(at, 10, 15) 
        SomethingElse ste = new SomethingElse("some string", "another string"); 

        X = st.CollectionOfStuff.Count; 
        Y = ste.GetValue(); 
        Z = (int)Math.Floor(533 / 39.384); 
    }

    public ConstructorParameters(int x, int y)
    {
        X = x;
        Y = y;
        Z = (int)Math.Floor(533 / 39.384);
    }
}

回答2:

You can do

Constructor() : this(5, 10, 15)
{
}
Constructor(int x, int y) : this(x, y, 15)
{
}
Constructor(int x, int y, int z)
{
  int a = x;
  int b = y;
  int c = z;
  //do stuff
}

However if you need to do some fancy logic depending on the parameters, I would use a factory pattern:

public class myclass
{
  private myclass(int x, int y, int z)
  {
    int a = x;
    int b = y;
    int c = z;
    //do stuff
  }
  public static myclass Create()
  {
    AnotherThing at = new AnotherThing(param1, param2, param3);
    Something st = new Something(aThing, 10, 15)
    SomethingElse ste = new SomethingElse("some string", "another string");

    int x = thing.CollectionOfStuff.Count;
    int y = ste.GetValue();
    int z = (int)Math.Floor(533 / 39.384);

    return new myclass(x, y ,z);
  }
  public static myclass Create(int x, int y)
  {
    if (x = 1)
      return new myclass(x, y, 2)
    else 
      return new myclass(x, y, 15);
  }
  public static myclass Create(int x, int y, int z)
  {
    //so on and so forth
    return new myclass(x, y, z);
  }
}

Although you don't need a factory pattern, it definitely makes your constructor logic readable.