Rails raw query for csv format, to be returned via

问题:

I was using active record to get my stories and then generate a CSV, the standard way as done in the rails cast. But I have a lot of rows and it takes minutes. I think if I could get posgresql to do the csv rendering, then I could save some time.

Heres what I have right now:

query = "COPY stories TO STDOUT WITH CSV HEADER;"
results = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute(query);

But the results are empty for this query:

 => #<PG::Result:0x00000006ea0488 @connection=#<PG::Connection:0x00000006c62fb8 @socket_io=nil, @notice_receiver=nil, @notice_processor=nil>> 
2.0.0-p247 :053 > result.count
 => 0 

A better way of knowing:

2.0.0-p247 :059 >   result.to_json
 => "[]" 

I suspect my controller will look something like this:

format.csv { send_data raw_results }

This works for normal queries, I just can't figure out the SQL syntax to have the CSV results returned to rails.

UPDATE

Got the CSV export from 120000 msec down to 290 msec

My model:

def self.to_csv(story_ids)

    csv  = []
    conn = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.raw_connection
    conn.copy_data("COPY (SELECT * FROM stories WHERE stories.id IN (#{story_ids.join(',')})) TO STDOUT WITH (FORMAT CSV, HEADER TRUE, FORCE_QUOTE *, ESCAPE E'\\\\');") do
      while row = conn.get_copy_data
        csv.push(row)
      end
    end
    csv.join("\r\n")
  end

My controller:

send_data Story.to_csv(Story.order(:created_at).pluck(:id))

回答1:

AFAIK you need to use the copy_data method on the underlying PostgreSQL database connection for this:

- (Object) copy_data(sql)

call-seq:

conn.copy_data( sql ) {|sql_result| ... } -> PG::Result

Execute a copy process for transferring [sic] data to or from the server.

This issues the SQL COPY command via #exec. The response to this (if there is no error in the command) is a PG::Result object that is passed to the block, bearing a status code of PGRES_COPY_OUT or PGRES_COPY_IN (depending on the specified copy direction). The application should then use #put_copy_data or #get_copy_data to receive or transmit data rows and should return from the block when finished.

And there's even an example:

conn.copy_data "COPY my_table TO STDOUT CSV" do
  while row=conn.get_copy_data
    p row
  end
end

ActiveRecord's wrapper for the raw database connection doesn't know what copy_data is but you can use raw_connection to unwrap it:

conn = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.raw_connection
csv  = [ ]
conn.copy_data('copy stories to stdout with csv header') do
  while row = conn.get_copy_data
    csv.push(row)
  end
end

That would leave you with an array of CSV strings in csv (one CSV row per array entry) and you could csv.join("\r\n") to get the final CSV data.

回答2:

This answer builds up on the answer provided by @mu-is-too-short, but without a temporary object using streaming instead.

headers['X-Accel-Buffering'] = 'no'
headers["Cache-Control"] = 'no-cache'
headers["Transfer-Encoding"] = 'chunked'
headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/csv; charset=utf-8'
headers['Content-Disposition'] = 'inline; filename="data.csv"'
headers.delete('Content-Length')
sql = "SELECT * FROM stories WHERE stories.id IN (#{story_ids.join(',')})"
self.response_body = Enumerator.new do |chunk|
  conn = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.raw_connection
  conn.copy_data("COPY (#{sql.chomp(';')}) TO STDOUT WITH (FORMAT CSV, HEADER TRUE, RCE_QUOTE *, ESCAPE E'\\\\');") do
    while row = conn.get_copy_data
      chunk << "#{row.length.to_s(16)}\r\n"
      chunk << row
      chunk << "\r\n"
    end
    chunk << "0\r\n\r\n"
  end
end

You can also use gz = Zlib::GzipWriter.new(Stream.new(chunk)) and gz.write row with a class akin to

class Stream
  def initialize(block)
    @block = block
  end
  def write(row)
    @block << "#{row.length.to_s(16)}\r\n"
    @block << row
    @block << "\r\n"
  end
end

And remember headers['Content-Encoding'] = 'gzip'. See also this gist.