JavaScript - How do I learn about “closures” usage

问题:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Closure (computer science)

In computer science, a closure is a function that is evaluated in an environment containing one or more bound variables. When called, the function can access these variables. The explicit use of closures is associated with functional programming and with languages such as ML and Lisp. Constructs such as objects in other languages can also be modeled with closures.

To use this inside of JavaScript, can someone point me to an example of how this applies?

回答1:

(using an example from jQuery)

function SetClassOnHover(className){
  $("td").hover(
    function () {
      $(this).addClass(className);
    },
    function () {
      $(this).removeClass(className);
    }
  );
}

The closure comes into play when the variable className is used inside the scope of each function. When SetClassOnHover exits, both functions must retain a handle on className in order to access its value when the functions are called. That's what the closure enables.

回答2:

Searching for "javascript closures" gave plenty of encouraging-looking links. The top three were these two (the third link was a reformatted version of the second):

• Javascript closures
• JavaScript closures for dummies

If these didn't help you, please explain why so we're in a better position to actually help. If you didn't search before asking the question, well - please do so next time :)

回答3:

A practical example of closures is when they are used to create "Private" variables, like

function incrementer(){
    var i=0;
    this.increment=function(){
        i++;
    }
    this.get=function(){
        return i;
    }
}

The only way to access i is to use the method get, and the only way to change it is to use the method increment. In classes, you can do this to emulate private variables.