Method Syntax in Objective C

问题:

Can someone explain this method declaration syntax for me? In this function, the number of rows of a UIPickerView (slot machine UI on the iPhone) is being returned. From my understanding, the Method is called \'pickerView\', and returns an NSInteger.

It passes in a pointer to the UIPickerview called \'pickerView\' ... first, why is the method called the same name as the parameter?

Next there is NSInteger parameter called component that tells us which component we are counting the rows for. The logic to decide which is in the body of the method.

What is \'numberOfRowsInComponent? It seems to describe the value we are returning, but it is in the middle of the parameters.

- (NSInteger) pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView 
 numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component
{
    if (component == kStateComponent)
        return [self.states count];

    return[self.zips count];
}

回答1:

Objective-C methods are designed to be self documenting, and they borrow from the rich tradition of Smalltalk.

I\'ll try to explain what you have here, -(NSInteger) pickerView:(UIPickerView*)pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component.

• - (NSInteger)
  This first portion indicates that this is an Objective C instance method that returns a NSInteger object. the - (dash) indicates that this is an instance method, where a + would indicate that this is a class method. The first value in parenthesis is the return type of the method.

• pickerView:
  This portion is a part of the message name. The full message name in this case is pickerView:numberOfRowsInComponent:. The Objective-C runtime takes this method information and sends it to the indicated receiver. In pure C, this would look like
  NSInteger pickerView(UIPickerView* pickerView, NSInteger component). However, since this is Objective-C, additional information is packed into the message name.

• (UIPickerView*)pickerView
  This portion is part of the input. The input here is of type UIPickerView* and has a local variable name of pickerView.

• numberOfRowsInComponent:
  This portion is the second part of the message name. As you can see here, message names are split up to help indicate what information you are passing to the receiver. Thus, if I were to message an object myObject with the variables foo and bar, I would type:
  [myObject pickerView:foo numberOfRowsInComponent:bar];
  as opposed to C++ style:
  myObject.pickerView(foo, bar);.

• (NSInteger)component
  This is the last portion of the input. the input here is of type NSInteger and has a local variable name of component.

回答2:

In Objective-C, the name of a method is composed of all of the portions of the declaration that are not arguments and types. This method\'s name would therefore be:

pickerView:numberOfRowsInComponent:

The method would be equivalent to a C-style function that looked as follows:

edit: (with thanks to Jarret Hardie):

NSInteger pickerViewNumberOfRowsInComponent(UIPickerView * pickerView, NSInteger component)

回答3:

Adding to the previous answers, I\'d just like to say that Objective-C methods (or messages if you prefer) have external and internal parameter names.

So in this case:

- (NSInteger) pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView 
 numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component

numberOfRowsInComponent is external name, one that you would use when calling this method from the outside.

And component is internal name of the parameter - name you use to refer to parameter from inside of the method.

Hope that clears it up abit.

回答4:

It seems to me that Objective-C method signatures are more like sentences. Each parameter deserves a part in method\'s name. For instance, in C we could have a method (setPersonData) for setting some information about person:

void setPersonData( char* name, int age, float height ) {

and in Objective-C the method would be more descriptive (setPersonName:andAge:andHeight:), like

- (void) setPersonName: (char *)name andAge:(int)age andHeight:(float)height {