How to remove a path prefix in python?

问题:

I wanted to know what is the pythonic function for this :

I want to remove everything before the wa path.

p = path.split('/')
counter = 0
while True:
    if p[counter] == 'wa':
        break
    counter += 1
path = '/'+'/'.join(p[counter:])

For instance, I want '/book/html/wa/foo/bar/' to become '/wa/foo/bar/'.

回答1:

A better answer would be to use os.path.relpath:

http://docs.python.org/2/library/os.path.html#os.path.relpath

>>> import os
>>> full_path = '/book/html/wa/foo/bar/'
>>> print os.path.relpath(full_path, '/book/html')
'wa/foo/bar'

回答2:

>>> path = '/book/html/wa/foo/bar/'
>>> path[path.find('/wa'):]
'/wa/foo/bar/'

回答3:

For Python 3.4+, you should use pathlib.PurePath.relative_to. From the documentation:

>>> p = PurePosixPath('/etc/passwd')
>>> p.relative_to('/')
PurePosixPath('etc/passwd')

>>> p.relative_to('/etc')
PurePosixPath('passwd')

>>> p.relative_to('/usr')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "pathlib.py", line 694, in relative_to
    .format(str(self), str(formatted)))
ValueError: '/etc/passwd' does not start with '/usr'

Also see this StackOverflow question for more answers to your question.

回答4:

import re

path = '/book/html/wa/foo/bar/'
m = re.match(r'.*(/wa/[a-z/]+)',path)
print m.group(1)