How can I read and write CSV in a way similar to N

问题:

Anyone know how I can import/export csv, txt files in a way similar to NET FileHelpers, but using Delphi, taking spaces and quotes into account and handling traditional CSV escaping rules in a manner similar to the way CSV escaping works in Excel?

ref. link http://www.filehelpers.com/

If your answer tends to be: "why this lazy guy dont write a simple CSV parser", consider this 5 minutes reading and then you will know why CSV parsing is not trivial:

http://secretgeek.net/csv_trouble.asp

回答1:

I wrote a Dataset (TTable-like object) for Jedi project called TJvCsvDataSet that follows all CSV parsing rules in a way similar to the CSV parsing rules used by Excel and various database and report tools that import and export CSVs.

You can install JVCL, drop a TJvCsvDataSet on your form.

It also contains a stream class that will very quickly load a file on disk, and parse it line by line, using the correct escape rules required for CSV files, even files that include carriage-return/line-feed codes encoded within a field.

You just drop it on your form, and set the FieldDefs property like this:

CsvFieldDef=ABC:%,DEF:#,GHI:$,....

There are special codes for integer, floating point, iso date-time, and other fields. It even allows you to map a wide-string field to a utf8 field in a CSV file.

There is a designtime property editor to save you from having to declare the CSV Field Defs using the syntax above, instead you can just pick visually what the column types are.

If you don't set up a CSV Field Def, it merely maps whatever exists in the file to string-type fields.

Jedi JVCL: http://jvcl.delphi-jedi.org/

JvCsvDataSet Docs:

http://help.delphi-jedi.org/unit.php?Id=3107

http://help.delphi-jedi.org/item.php?Id=174896

回答2:

It's pretty basic, but TStringList has Delimiter, DelimitedText, and QuoteChar properties, which address some of these issues.

Updated to add, per comments: Don't be tempted by the CommaText property, which has some surprising limitations for backwards compatibility with archaic versions of Delphi.

回答3:

My framework has code for this in the CsiTextStreamsUnt.pas file (see http://www.csinnovations.com/framework_delphi.htm)

回答4:

Here some code I wrote that reads CSV files, it handles carriage returns inside quotes as well.

unit CSV;

interface
uses
  SysUtils, Generics.Collections, IOUtils;

type
  TParseState = (psRowStart, psFieldStart, psUnquotedFieldData,
    psQuotedFieldData, psQFBranch, psEndOfQuotedField, psQFEndSearch,
    psEndOfLine, psEndOfFile);

  TCSVField = class
  strict private
    FText: String;
  public
    constructor Create;
    destructor Destroy; override;
    property Text: string read FText write FText;
    procedure Clear;
  end;

  TCSVFieldList = class(TObjectList<TCSVField>)
  public
    function AddField(const AText: string): TCSVField;
    procedure ClearFields;
  end;

  TCSVRow = class
  strict private
    FFields: TCSVFieldList;
  public
    constructor Create;
    destructor Destroy; override;
    property Fields: TCSVFieldList read FFields;
  end;

  TCSVParser = class
  strict private
    FRow: TCSVRow;
    FContent: String;
    FCIdx: Integer;
    FParseState: TParseState;
    FEOF: Boolean;
    procedure ParseRow;
  public
    function First: Boolean;
    function EOF: Boolean;
    function Next: Boolean;
    procedure OpenFile(AFileName: String);
    procedure OpenText(const AText: string);
    property Row: TCSVRow read FRow;
    constructor Create;
    destructor Destroy; override;
  end;

implementation



{implementation of TCSVField}

procedure TCSVField.Clear;
begin
  FText:= '';
end;

constructor TCSVField.Create;
begin
  inherited Create;
end;

destructor TCSVField.Destroy;
begin
  inherited Destroy;
end;

{implementation of TCSVRow}

constructor TCSVRow.Create;
begin
  inherited Create;
  FFields:= TCSVFieldList.Create;
end;

destructor TCSVRow.Destroy;
begin
  FreeAndNil(FFields);
  inherited Destroy;
end;

{implementation of TCSVParser}

constructor TCSVParser.Create;
begin
  inherited Create;
  FRow:= TCSVRow.Create;
  FCIdx:= 1;
  FParseState:= psEndOfFile;
end;

destructor TCSVParser.Destroy;
begin
  FreeAndNil(FRow);
  inherited Destroy;
end;



function TCSVParser.EOF: Boolean;
begin
  Result:= FEOF;
end;

function TCSVParser.First: Boolean;
begin
  FEOF:= False;
  FCIdx:= 1;
  FParseState:= psRowStart;
  Result:= Next;
end;

function TCSVParser.Next: Boolean;
begin
  if not EOF then
    ParseRow;
  Result:= not EOF;
end;

procedure TCSVParser.OpenFile(AFileName: String);
begin
  OpenText(TFile.ReadAllText(AFileName));
end;

procedure TCSVParser.OpenText(const AText: string);
begin
  FContent:= AText;
  FRow.Fields.Clear;
  First;
end;

procedure TCSVParser.ParseRow;
var
  FieldIdx: Integer;

  procedure AddField(const AText: string);
  begin
    if FieldIdx > FRow.Fields.Count-1 then
      FRow.Fields.AddField(AText)
    else
      FRow.Fields[FieldIdx].Text:= AText;

    Inc(FieldIdx);
  end;

var
  FieldText: string;
  Curr: Char;
  LastIdx: Integer;
begin
  if FParseState = psEndOfFile then
  begin
    FEOF:= True;
    FRow.Fields.ClearFields;
    Exit;
  end;

  if not (FParseState in [psRowStart]) then
    raise Exception.Create('ParseRow requires ParseState = psRowState');

  FieldIdx:= 0;
  FRow.Fields.ClearFields;
  LastIdx:= Length(FContent);
  while True do
  begin
    case FParseState of
      psRowStart:
        begin
          if FCIdx > LastIdx then
          begin
            FEOF:= True;
            FParseState:= psEndOfFile;
          end
          else
          begin
            FParseState:= psFieldStart;
          end;
          Dec(FCIdx); // do not consume
        end;
      psFieldStart:
        begin
          FieldText:= '';
          if FContent[FCIdx] = '"' then
            FParseState:= psQuotedFieldData
          else
          begin
            FParseState:= psUnquotedFieldData;
            Dec(FCIdx); // do not consume
          end;
        end;
      psUnquotedFieldData:
        begin
          if FCIdx > LastIdx then
          begin
            AddField(FieldText);
            FParseState:= psEndOfFile;
          end
          else
          begin
            Curr:= FContent[FCIdx];
            case Curr of
              #13, #10:
                begin
                  AddField(FieldText);
                  FParseState:= psEndOfLine;
                end;
              ',':
                begin
                  AddField(FieldText);
                  FParseState:= psFieldStart;
                end;
            else
              FieldText:= FieldText + Curr;
            end;
          end;
        end;
      psQuotedFieldData:
        begin
          if FCIdx > LastIdx then
            raise Exception.Create('EOF in quoted Field.');

          Curr:= FContent[FCIdx];
          if Curr = '"' then
            FParseState:= psQFBranch
          else
            FieldText:= FieldText + Curr;
        end;
      psQFBranch:
        begin
          Curr:= FContent[FCIdx];
          if Curr = '"' then
          begin
            FieldText:= FieldText + Curr;
            FParseState:= psQuotedFieldData;
          end
          else
          begin
            AddField(FieldText);
            FParseState:= psEndOfQuotedField;
            Dec(FCIdx); // do not consume
          end;
        end;
      psEndOfQuotedField:
        begin
          if FCIdx > LastIdx then
            FParseState:= psEndOfFile
          else
          begin
            Curr:= FContent[FCIdx];
            if CharInSet(Curr, [#13, #10]) then
              FParseState:= psEndOfLine
            else
            begin
              FParseState:= psQFEndSearch;
              Dec(FCIdx); // do not consume
            end;
          end;
        end;
      psQFEndSearch:
        begin
          if FCIdx > LastIdx then
            FParseState:= psEndOfFile
          else
          begin
            Curr:= FContent[FCIdx];
            if CharInSet(Curr, [#13, #10]) then
              FParseState:= psEndOfLine
            else if Curr = ',' then
              FParseState:= psFieldStart;

            // skips white space or other until end
          end;
        end;
      psEndOfLine:
        begin
          if FCIdx > LastIdx then
            FParseState:= psEndOfFile
          else
          begin
            Curr:= FContent[FCIdx];
            if not CharInSet(Curr, [#13, #10]) then
            begin
              FParseState:= psRowStart;
              Break; // exit loop, we are done with this row
            end;
          end;
        end;
      psEndOfFile:
        begin
          Break;
        end;
    end;
    Inc(FCIdx);
  end;
end;


{ TCSVFieldList }

function TCSVFieldList.AddField(const AText: string): TCSVField;
begin
  Result:= TCSVField.Create;
  Add(Result);
  Result.Text:= AText;
end;

procedure TCSVFieldList.ClearFields;
var
  F: TCSVField;
begin
  for F in Self do
    F.Clear;
end;

end.

回答5:

Following the VCL TXMLTransform logic, I wrote a TCsvTransform class helper that translates a .csv format structure to /from a TClientDataSet.
For more details about TCsvTransform, cf http://didier.cabale.free.fr/delphi.htm#uCsvTransform.
NB: I set the same field type symbols as Warren's TJvCsvDataSet

回答6:

My functions

function ParseCSVString(s: string; const delimiter: Char = ','; const enclosure: Char = '"'): TStrings;
var
    i,len: Integer;
    f: string;
    inQuoted: Boolean;
begin
    Result := TStringList.Create;
    len := Length(s);
    if len = 0 then Exit;
    //Test,Test;"Test;Test";"Test""Test";;
    f := '';
    inQuoted := False;
    i:=0;
    while i < len do
    begin
        Inc(i);
        if s[i] = enclosure then
        begin
            if inQuoted and (i<len) and (s[i+1] = enclosure) then
            begin
                f := f + '"';
                i:=i+1;
            end
            else
                inQuoted := not inQuoted;
        end
        else if s[i] = delimiter then
        begin
            if inQuoted then
                f := f+s[i]
            else
            begin
                Result.Add(f);
                inQuoted := false;
                f := '';
            end;
        end
        else
            f := f + s[i];
    end;
    Result.Add(f);
end;

function EscapeCSVString(s: string; const delimiter: Char = ','; const enclosure: Char = '"'): string;
var
    i: Integer;
begin
    Result := StringReplace(s,enclosure,enclosure+enclosure,[rfReplaceAll]);
    if (Pos(delimiter,s) > 0) OR (Pos(enclosure,s) > 0) then
        Result := enclosure+Result+enclosure;
end;

回答7:

Came across this Delphi CSV File and String Reader Classes for Delphi 2009 and later today on CodeProject, I've not tried it, but from the example code it's kinda cool. Written by Vladimir Nikitenko, the main class is TnvvCSVReader.