How can I import a python module function dynamica

问题:

Assuming def my_function(): is located in my_apps.views I would like to import "my_function" dynamically without using something like exec or eval.

Is there anyway to accomplish this. I'm looking to do something similar to:

my_function = import_func("my_apps.views.my_function")

my_function() ... code is executed

回答1:

you want

my_function = getattr(__import__('my_apps.views'), 'my_function')

If you happen to know the name of the function at compile time, you can shorten this to

my_function = __import__('my_apps.views').my_function

This will load my_apps.views and then assign its my_function attribute to the local my_function.

If you are sure that you only want one function, than this is acceptable. If you want more than one attribute, you can do:

views = __import__('my_apps.views')
my_function = getattr(views, 'my_function')
my_other_function = getattr(views, 'my_other_function')
my_attribute = getattr(views, 'my_attribute')

as it is more readable and saves you some calls to __import__. again, if you know the names, the code can be shortened as above.

You could also do this with tools from the imp module but it's more complicated.

回答2:

Note that Python 2.7 added the importlib module, convenience wrappers for __import__() and a backport of 3.1 feature.

This module is a minor subset of what is available in the more full-featured package of the same name from Python 3.1 that provides a complete implementation of import. What is here has been provided to help ease in transitioning from 2.7 to 3.1.

importlib.import_module(name, package=None)

Import a module. The name argument specifies what module to import in absolute or relative terms (e.g. either pkg.mod or ..mod). If the name is specified in relative terms, then the package argument must be specified to the package which is to act as the anchor for resolving the package name (e.g. import_module('..mod', 'pkg.subpkg') will import pkg.mod). The specified module will be inserted into sys.modules and returned.

回答3:

I just wrote this code and seems what a lot of people need, so even if later i show it

def my_import(module_name,func_names = [],cache = False):
    if module_name in globals() and cache:
        return True
    try: 
        m = __import__(module_name, globals(), locals(), func_names, -1)
        if func_names:
            for func_name in func_names:
                globals()[func_name] = getattr(m,func_name)
        else:
            globals()[module_name] = m
        return True
    except ImportError:
        return False
def my_imports(modules):
    for module in modules:
        if type(module) is tuple:
            name = module[0]
            funcs = module[1]
        else:
            name = module
            funcs = []
        if not my_import(name, funcs):
             return module
    return ''

def checkPluginsImports(plugin,modules):
    c = my_imports(modules)
    if c:
        print plugin +" has errors!: module '"+c+"' not found"

# example: file test.py with "x" function
def d():
    checkPluginsImports('demoPlugin',[('test',['x'])])

d()
x()

回答4:

def import_by_string(full_name):
    module_name, unit_name = full_name.rsplit('.', 1)
    return getattr(__import__(module_name, fromlist=['']), unit_name)


exists = import_by_string("os.path.exists")