Making GCC and Other C++ Compilers Very Strict

问题:

I'm working on a large collaborative C++ project that is both developed and run on various flavors of Linux, OS X and Windows. We compile across these platforms with GCC, Visual Studio C++ and the Intel C++ compiler. As more and more people start developing code for the project, we're starting to see weird errors in compilation and runtime that are specific to particular compilers on particular operating systems. An example of this is implicit inclusion of headers that certain OS/compiler pairs seem to find for you, accidentally overloading a function from a base class in a derived class.

My goal is to make compilation on GCC more strict and catch more errors across all platforms so that we don't keep running into these problems. Here's my list of flags that I'm thinking about trying out for GCC that I've found via Google and the GCC man pages:

• -Wall
• -Wextra
• -Winit-self
• -Wold-style-cast
• -Woverloaded-virtual
• -Wuninitialized
• -Wmissing-declarations
• -Winit-self
• -ansi
• -pedantic

What are the other flags that people use to make GCC (and less importantly Visual Studio C++ and the Intel C++ Compiler) obey a stricter standard of the C++ language? Be specific about which compiler and version you're talking about, as some of these might not be implemented in all versions of all compilers.

回答1:

Beside the pedantic-error that everyone else suggested, IMO, it's always good to run lint as part of your compile process.

There are some tools out there:

• cpplint (free)
• gimple lint
• coverity

They will save a lot of your time.

回答2:

You can make pedantic warnings into errors with -pedantic-errors. This will prevent developers from ignoring it. For that matter you could make all warnings into errors as well with -Werror although that can be counter productive in some cases (maybe not in yours though).

Overall, I think, as far as adhering to a strict standard goes, the -pedantic options are the most helpful.

回答3:

-pedantic-errors.

See more on gcc(1).

回答4:

Copy and paste below line into your master cmake file. below line comprises almost most useful compiler flags in order to test yourself more stricter.

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-O0 -fno-elide-constructors -pedantic-errors -ansi -Wextra -Wall     -Winit-self -Wold-style-cast -Woverloaded-virtual -Wuninitialized -Wmissing-declarations    -Winit-self -std=c++98")

If you dont use cmake just copy flags that in double quotes and send to your compiler

回答5:

As well as -pendantic you should also provide a -std switch. If you need a stricter compile then you should know what standard you are trying to conform to. Typically for current c++ this would be -std=c++98. ( -ansi performs a similar function in C++ mode, but -std= is more explicit.)

回答6:

In similar situation we gave up and moved to ACE framework, hiding the difference between platforms.

回答7:

I wrote the blog post on this topic after researching several options. You also need to handle the cases where you are using other libraries but they are not following strict compilation. Fortunately there is easy way to handle them as well. I have been using this extensively in all my projects.

In short, use following compiler options to turn on very strict mode (below is what I put in CMakeLists.txt):

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra  -Wstrict-aliasing -pedantic -fmax-errors=5 -Werror -Wunreachable-code -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual -Wctor-dtor-privacy -Wdisabled-optimization -Wformat=2 -Winit-self -Wlogical-op -Wmissing-include-dirs -Wnoexcept -Wold-style-cast -Woverloaded-virtual -Wredundant-decls -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wstrict-null-sentinel -Wstrict-overflow=5 -Wswitch-default -Wundef -Wno-unused -Wno-variadic-macros -Wno-parentheses -fdiagnostics-show-option ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")

You can read more about how to turn on and off this strict mode for specific portions of code here: http://shitalshah.com/p/how-to-enable-and-use-gcc-strict-mode-compilation/