Iterate over all pairs of consecutive items in a l

问题:

Given a list

l = [1, 7, 3, 5]

I want to iterate over all pairs of consecutive list items (1,7), (7,3), (3,5), i.e.

for i in xrange(len(l) - 1):
    x = l[i]
    y = l[i + 1]
    # do something

I would like to do this in a more compact way, like

for x, y in someiterator(l): ...

Is there a way to do do this using builtin Python iterators? I\'m sure the itertools module should have a solution, but I just can\'t figure it out.

回答1:

Just use zip

>>> l = [1, 7, 3, 5]
>>> for first, second in zip(l, l[1:]):
...     print first, second
...
1 7
7 3
3 5

As suggested you might consider using the izip function in itertools for very long lists where you don\'t want to create a new list.

import itertools

for first, second in itertools.izip(l, l[1:]):
    ...

回答2:

Look at pairwise at itertools recipes: http://docs.python.org/2/library/itertools.html#recipes

Quoting from there:

def pairwise(iterable):
    \"s -> (s0,s1), (s1,s2), (s2, s3), ...\"
    a, b = tee(iterable)
    next(b, None)
    return izip(a, b)

---

A General Version

A general version, that yields tuples of any given positive natural size, may look like that:

def nwise(iterable, n=2):                                                      
    iters = tee(iterable, n)                                                     
    for i, it in enumerate(iters):                                               
        next(islice(it, i, i), None)                                               
    return izip(*iters)   

回答3:

I would create a generic grouper generator, like this

def grouper(input_list, n = 2):
    for i in xrange(len(input_list) - (n - 1)):
        yield input_list[i:i+n]

Sample run 1

for first, second in grouper([1, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8], 2):
    print first, second

Output

1 7
7 3
3 5
5 6
6 8

Sample run 1

for first, second, third in grouper([1, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8], 3):
    print first, second, third

Output

1 7 3
7 3 5
3 5 6
5 6 8

回答4:

You could use a zip.

>>> list(zip(range(5), range(2, 6)))
[(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)]

Just like a zipper, it creates pairs. So, to to mix your two lists, you get:

>>> l = [1,7,3,5]
>>> list(zip(l[:-1], l[1:]))
[(1, 7), (7, 3), (3, 5)]

Then iterating goes like

for x, y in zip(l[:-1], l[1:]):
    pass

回答5:

If you wanted something inline but not terribly readable here\'s another solution that makes use of generators. I expect it\'s also not the best performance wise :-/

Convert list into generator with a tweak to end before the last item:

gen = (x for x in l[:-1])

Convert it into pairs:

[(gen.next(), x) for x in l[1:]]

That\'s all you need.