How do you generate passwords? [closed]

问题:

How do you generate passwords?

• Random Characters?
• Passphrases?
• High Ascii?

Something like this?

cat /dev/urandom | strings

回答1:

Mac OS X's "Keychain Access" application gives you access to the nice OS X password generator. Hit command-N and click the key icon. You get to choose password style (memorable, numeric, alphanumeric, random, FIPS-181) and choose the length. It also warns you about weak passwords.

回答2:

Use this & thumps up :)

cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9-!@#$%^&*()_+~' | fold -w 10 | head -n 1

Change the head count to generate number of passwords.

回答3:

A short python script to generate passwords, originally from the python cookbook.

#!/usr/bin/env python

from random import choice
import getopt
import string
import sys

def GenPasswd():
    chars = string.letters + string.digits
    for i in range(8):
        newpasswd = newpasswd + choice(chars)
    return newpasswd

def GenPasswd2(length=8, chars=string.letters + string.digits):
    return ''.join([choice(chars) for i in range(length)])

class Options(object):
    pass

def main(argv):
    (optionList,args) = getopt.getopt(argv[1:],"r:l:",["repeat=","length="])

    options = Options()
    options.repeat = 1
    options.length = 8
    for (key,value) in optionList:
        if key == "-r" or key == "--repeat":
            options.repeat = int(value)
        elif key == "-l" or key == "--length":
            options.length = int(value)

    for i in xrange(options.repeat):
        print GenPasswd2(options.length)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))

回答4:

The open source Keepass tool has some excellent capabilities for password generation, including enhanced randomization.

回答5:

I use password safe to generate and store all my passwords, that way you don't have to remember super strong passwords (well except the one that unlocks your safe).

回答6:

An slight variation on your suggestion:

head -c 32 /dev/random | base64

Optionally, you can trim the trailing = and use echo to get a newline:

echo $(head -c 32 /dev/random | base64 | head -c 32)

which gives you a more predictable output length password whilst still ensuring only printable characters.

回答7:

The algorithm in apg is pretty cool. But I mostly use random characters from a list which I've defined myself. It is mostly numbers, upper- and lowercase letters and some punctuation marks. I've eliminated chars which are prone to getting mistaken for another character like '1', 'l', 'I', 'O', '0' etc.

回答8:

I don't like random character passwords. They are difficult to remember.

Generally my passwords fall into tiers based on how important that information is to me.

My most secure passwords tend to use a combination of old BBS random generated passwords that I was too young and dumb to know how to change and memorized. Appending a few of those together with liberal use of the shift key works well. If I don't use those I find pass phrases better. Perhaps a phrase from some book that I enjoy, once again with some mixed case and special symbols put it. Often I'll use more than 1 phrase, or several words from one phrase, concatenated with several from another.

On low priority sites my passwords are are pretty short, generally a combination of a few familiar tokens.

The place I have the biggest problem is work, where we need to change our password every 30 days and can't repeat passwords. I just do like everyone else, come up with a password and append an ever increasing index to the end. Password rules like that are absurd.

回答9:

For web sites I use SuperGenPass, which derives a site-specific password from a master password and the domain name, using a hash function (based on MD5). No need to store that password anywhere (SuperGenPass itself is a bookmarklet, totally client-side), just remember your master password.

回答10:

I think it largely depends on what you want to use the password for, and how sensitive the data is. If we need to generate a somewhat secure password for a client, we typically use an easy to remember sentence, and use the first letters of each word and add a number. Something like 'top secret password for use on stackoverflow' => 'tspfuos8'.

Most of the time however, I use the 'pwgen' utility on Linux to create a password, you can specify the complexity and length, so it's quite flexible.

回答11:

The standard UNIX utility called pwgen. Available in practically any unix distribution.

回答12:

I use KeePass to generate complex passwords.

回答13:

I use https://www.grc.com/passwords.htm to generate long password strings for things like WPA keys. You could also use this (via screenscraping) to create salts for authentication password hashing if you have to implement some sort of registration site.

回答14:

In some circumstances, I use Perl's Crypt::PassGen module, which uses Markov chain analysis on a corpus of words (e.g. /usr/share/dict/words on any reasonably Unix system). This allows it to generate passwords that turn out to be reasonably pronounceable and thus remember.

That said, at $work we are moving to hardware challenge/response token mechanisms.

回答15:

Pick a strong master password how you like, then generate a password for each site with cryptohash(masterpasword+sitename). You will not lose your password for site A if your password for site B gets in the wrong hands (due to an evil admin, wlan sniffing or site compromise for example), yet you will only have to remember a single password.

回答16:

I used an unusual method of generating passwords recently. They didn't need to be super strong, and random passwords are just too hard to remember. My application had a huge table of cities in North America. To generate a password, I generated a random number, grabbed a randon city, and added another random number.

boston9934

The lengths of the numbers were random, (as was if they were appended, prepended, or both), so it wasn't too easy to brute force.

回答17:

Well, my technique is to use first letters of the words of my favorite songs. Need an example: Every night in my dreams, I see you, I feel you...

Give me:

enimdisyify

... and a little of insering numbers e.g. i=1, o=0 etc...

en1md1sy1fy

... capitalization? Always give importance to yourself :)

And the final password is...

en1Md1sy1fy

回答18:

Joel Spolsky wrote a short article: Password management finally possible

…there's finally a good way to manage all your passwords. This system works no matter how many computers you use regularly; it works with Mac, Windows, and Linux; it's secure; it doesn't expose your passwords to any internet site (whether or not you trust it); it generates highly secure, random passwords for each and every site, it's fairly easy to use once you have it all set up, it maintains an automatic backup of your password file online, and it's free.

He recommends using DropBox and PasswordSafe or Password Gorilla.

回答19:

import random

length = 12
charset = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"

password = ""
for i in range(0, length):
    token += random.choice(charset)

print password

回答20:

passwords:

$ gpg --gen-random 1 20 | gpg --enarmor | sed -n 5p

passphrases:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diceware

回答21:

Mostly, I type dd if=/dev/urandom bs=6 count=1 | mimencode and save the result in a password safe.

回答22:

On a Mac I use RPG.

回答23:

In PHP, by generating a random string of characters from the ASCII table. See Generating (pseudo)random alpha-numeric strings

回答24:

I start with the initials of a sentence in a foreign language, with some convention for capitalizing some of them. Then, I insert in a particular part of the sentence a combination of numbers and symbols derived from the name of the application or website.

This scheme generates a unique password for each application that I can re-derive each time in my head with no trouble (so no memorization), and there is zero chance of any part of it showing up in a dictionary.

回答25:

You will have to code extra rules to check that your password is acceptable for the system you are writing it for. Some systems have policies like "two digits and two uppercase letters minimum" and so on. As you generate your password character by character, keep a count of the digits/alpha/uppercase as required, and wrap the password generation in a do..while that will repeat the password generation until (digitCount>1 && alphaCount>4 && upperCount>1), or whatever.

回答26:

http://www.wohmart.com/ircd/pub/irc_tools/mkpasswd/mkpasswd+vms.c

http://www.obviex.com/Samples/Password.aspx

https://www.uwo.ca/its/network/security/passwd-suite/sample.c

Even in Excel! https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://articles.techrepublic%2ecom%2ecom/5100-10878_11-1032050.html

http://webnet77.com/cgi-bin/helpers/crypthelp.pl

回答27:

Password Monkey, iGoogle widget!

回答28:

The Firefox-addon Password Hasher is pretty awesome for generating passwords: Password Hasher

The website also features an online substitute for the addon: Online Password Hasher

回答29:

I generate random printable ASCII characters with a Perl program and then tweak the script if there's extra rules to help me generate a more "secure" password. I can keep the password on a post-it note and then destroy it after one or two days; my fingers will have memorized it, and my password will be completely unguessable.

This is for my primary login password, something I use every day, and in fact many times a day as I sit down and unlock my screen. This makes it easy to memorize fast. Obviously passwords for other situations have to use a different mechanism.

回答30:

Having read and tried out some of the great answers here, I was still in search of a generation technique that would be easy to tweak and used very common Linux utils and resources.

I really liked the gpg --gen-random answer but it felt a bit clunky?

I found this gem after some further searching

echo $(</dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c8)