How to verify downloaded file with .sig file?

问题:

When I download GCC, it also has a .sig file, and I think it is provided to verify downloaded file. (I downloaded GCC from here).

But I can't figure out how should I use it. I tried gpg, but it complains about public key.

[root@localhost src]# gpg --verify gcc-4.7.2.tar.gz.sig gcc-4.7.2.tar.gz
gpg: Signature made Thu 20 Sep 2012 07:30:44 PM KST using DSA key ID C3C45C06
gpg: Can't check signature: No public key
[root@localhost src]# 

How can I verify downloaded file with .sig file?

回答1:

You need to import public key: C3C45C06

Can be done in three steps.

1) find public key ID:

$ gpg gcc-4.7.2.tar.gz.sig 
gpg: Signature made Čt 20. září 2012, 12:30:44 CEST using DSA key ID C3C45C06
gpg: Can't check signature: No public key

2) import the public key from key server. It's usually not needed to choose key server, but it can be done with --keyserver <server>. Keyserver examples.

$ gpg --recv-key C3C45C06
gpg: requesting key C3C45C06 from hkp server keys.gnupg.net
gpg: key C3C45C06: public key "Jakub Jelinek <[e-mail]>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1

3) verify signature:

$ gpg gcc-4.7.2.tar.gz.sig 
gpg: Signature made Čt 20. září 2012, 12:30:44 CEST using DSA key ID C3C45C06
gpg: Good signature from "Jakub Jelinek <[e-mail]>" [unknown]
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 33C2 35A3 4C46 AA3F FB29  3709 A328 C3A2 C3C4 5C06

The output should say "Good signature".

---

gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!

Is for another question ;)

回答2:

This other avenue is particularly useful for verifying GNU projects (e.g. Octave) since the key requested by their signature may not be found in any key server.

From http://ftp.gnu.org/README

There are also .sig files, which contain detached GPG signatures of the above files, automatically signed by the same script that generates them.

You can verify the signatures for gnu project files with the keyring file from:

https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-keyring.gpg

In a directory with the keyring file, the source file to verify and the signature file, the command to use is:

$ gpg --verify --keyring ./gnu-keyring.gpg foo.tar.xz.sig

回答3:

according to this http://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html that should be Jakub Jelinek and valid. i don't know where you would get his public key though.

回答4:

You have to search the public keyservers for the given key id: in your case ID C3C45C06 Import the found key in your local keystore and after this the verification should be OK. I use Ubuntu 12.04 and it comes with Seahorse key management software. Before the key import I was seeing this:

~/Downloads$ gpg --verify --keyring ./gnu-keyring.gpg icecat-31.5.0.en-US.linux-x86_64.tar.bz2.sig icecat-31.5.0.en-US.linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
gpg: Signature made  9.03.2015 (пн) 22,35,52 EET using RSA key ID D7E04784
gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found

After the key import I was seeing this:

~/Downloads$ gpg --verify --keyring ./gnu-keyring.gpg icecat-31.5.0.en-US.linux-x86_64.tar.bz2.sig icecat-31.5.0.en-US.linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
gpg: Signature made  9.03.2015 (пн) 22,35,52 EET using RSA key ID D7E04784
gpg: Good signature from "Ruben Rodriguez (GNU IceCat releases key) <[e-mail]>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: A573 69A8 BABC 2542 B5A0  368C 3C76 EED7 D7E0 4784