What is the right way to make a synchronous MongoD

问题:

I'm using the Node.JS driver for MongoDB, and I'd like to perform a synchronous query, like such:

function getAThing()
{
    var db = new mongo.Db("mydatabase", server, {});

    db.open(function(err, db)
    {
        db.authenticate("myuser", "mypassword", function(err, success)
        {
            if (success)
            {
                db.collection("Things", function(err, collection)
                {
                    collection.findOne({ name : "bob"}, function(err, thing)
                    {                           
                        return thing;
                    });
                });
            }
        });
    });
}

The problem is, db.open is an asychronous call (it doesn't block), so the getAThing returns "undefined" and I want it to return the results of the query. I'm sure I could some sort of blocking mechanism, but I'd like to know the right way to do something like this.

回答1:

There's no way to make this synchronous w/o some sort of terrible hack. The right way is to have getAThing accept a callback function as a parameter and then call that function once thing is available.

function getAThing(callback)
{
    var db = new mongo.Db("mydatabase", server, {});

    db.open(function(err, db)
    {
        db.authenticate("myuser", "mypassword", function(err, success)
        {
            if (success)
            {
                db.collection("Things", function(err, collection)
                {
                    collection.findOne({ name : "bob"}, function(err, thing)
                    {       
                        db.close();                    
                        callback(err, thing);
                    });
                });
            }
        });
    });
}

Node 7.6+ Update

async/await now provides a way of coding in a synchronous style when using asynchronous APIs that return promises (like the native MongoDB driver does).

Using this approach, the above method can be written as:

async function getAThing() {
    let db = await mongodb.MongoClient.connect('mongodb://server/mydatabase');
    if (await db.authenticate("myuser", "mypassword")) {
        let thing = await db.collection("Things").findOne({ name: "bob" });
        await db.close();
        return thing;
    }
}

Which you can then call from another async function as let thing = await getAThing();.

However, it's worth noting that MongoClient provides a connection pool, so you shouldn't be opening and closing it within this method. Instead, call MongoClient.connect during your app startup and then simplify your method to:

async function getAThing() {
    return db.collection("Things").findOne({ name: "bob" });
}

Note that we don't call await within the method, instead directly returning the promise that's returned by findOne.

回答2:

ES 6 (Node 8+)

You can utilize async/await

await operator pauses the execution of asynchronous function until the Promise is resolved and returns the value.

This way your code will work in synchronous way:

const query = MySchema.findOne({ name: /tester/gi });
const userData = await query.exec();
console.log(userData)

---

Older Solution - June 2013 ;)

Now the Mongo Sync is available, this is the right way to make a synchronous MongoDB query in Node.js.

I am using this for the same. You can just write sync method like below:

var Server = require("mongo-sync").Server;
var server = new Server('127.0.0.1');
var result = server.db("testdb").getCollection("testCollection").find().toArray();
console.log(result);

Note: Its dependent on the node-fiber and some issues are there with it on windows 8.

Happy coding :)

回答3:

While it's not strictly synchronous, a pattern I've repeatedly adopted and found very useful is to use co and promisify yield on asynchronous functions. For mongo, you could rewrite the above:

var query = co( function* () {

    var db = new mongo.Db("mydatabase", server, {});
    db = promisify.object( db );
    db = yield db.open();

    yield db.authenticate("myuser", "mypassword");

    var collection = yield db.collection("Things");
    return yield collection.findOne( { name : "bob"} );

});

query.then( result => {

} ).catch( err => {

} );

This means:

1. You can write "synchronous"-like code with any asynchronous library
2. Errors are thrown from the callbacks, meaning you don't need the success check
3. You can pass the result as a promise to any other piece of code