Where to place private methods in Ruby?

问题:

Most of the blogs or tutorials or books have private methods at the bottom of any class/module. Is this the best practice?

I find having private methods as and when necessary more convenient. For example:

public
def my_method
  # do something
  minion_method
end

private
def minion_method
  # do something
end

public
def next_method
end

This way I find the code more readable instead of scrolling up and down continuously which is very irritating.

Is there something terribly wrong in this approach? Is having private methods at the bottom not just a best practice and something else?

回答1:

The best practice in my point of view is to go sequentially and declare your methods without keeping private in point of view.

At the end, you can make make any method private by just adding: private :xmethod

Example:

class Example
 def xmethod
 end

 def ymethod
 end

 def zmethod 
 end

 private :xmethod, :zmethod

end

Does this justify your question?

回答2:

As others have already pointed out the convention is to put private methods at the bottom, under one private class. However, you should probably also know that many programers use a double indented (4 spaces instead of 2) method for this. The reason is that often times you won't see "private" in your text editor and assume they could be public. See below for an illustration:

class FooBar

  def some_public_method
  end

  def another_public_method
  end

private

    def some_private_method
    end

    def another_private method
    end

end

This method should prevent you from having to scroll up and down and will make other programmers more comfortable in your code.

回答3:

There's also the option to prepend private to the method definition since Ruby 2.1.

class Example

 def xmethod
 end

 private def ymethod
 end

 private def zmethod 
 end

end

Looking at the definition, you instantly know if a method is private, no matter where in the file it's defined. It's a bit more typing (if you don't autocomplete) and not all your defs will be nicely aligned.

回答4:

I think that public methods is a some kind of interface of the object, and it's logical to place them on the most prominent place i.e. in the top of file.

回答5:

You don't need to put public or private above each method. I usually put all of my private methods at the bottom of my class. Also, don't have to explicitly say public as methods are public by default. For example:

class FooBar

  def some_public_method
  end

  def another_public_method
  end

private

  def some_private_method
  end

  def another_private method
  end

end

回答6:

I'm coming from java background and I hate to have to scroll to see method type. I think it's insane that one cannot specify method visibility per method without ugliness. So I ended up putting a comment #private before each suck method and then declaring private :....

回答7:

I don't like having to specify public or private for each method. Putting all private methods at the bottom lets me have a single instance of "private" per file. I guess it's a matter of taste.

回答8:

One style is to group methods together so that you only use private and protected once per class at most. Another style is to specify visibility right after the method definition:

class Example
  def my_private_method
  end
  private :my_private_method

  def my_public_method
  end
end

As of Ruby 2.1.0 def returns the method name as a symbol, so a more streamlined style is possible:

class Example
  private def my_private_method
  end

  def my_public_method
  end

  protected def my_protected_method
  end

  private_class_method def self.my_private_class_method
  end
end

(Note that we use private_class_method for class methods -- otherwise we'd get NameError: undefined method since private expects an instance method. Even when using it as a macro like in the original example it only affects the visibility of instance methods.)

I like this inline visibility style best, as it allows you to organize methods as you wish. It decreases the risk of adding a new method in the wrong place and inadvertently making it private.

As for the class method syntax, you can handle it this way instead:

class Example
  private def my_private_method
  end

  class << self
    private def my_private_class_method
    end
  end
end

回答9:

It's a matter of taste I suppose, but I'd rather explicitly name each method private on the line after said method like so:

 class Example
   def cthulhu
   end

   def rlyeh
   end

   def foo
   end
   private :foo

   def bar
   end
   private :bar

   def baz
   end
   private :baz     
 end

回答10:

Dennis had the perfect answer, that is, when using ruby >=2.1, just prefix the def with private (or protected,public)

But I believe that it's now also possible to use private as a block as in:

private begin
   def foo
   end
   def bar
   end
end

def zip
end