How to make an enum conform to a protocol in Swift

问题:

Swift documentation says that classes, structs, and enums can all conform to protocols, and I can get to a point where they all conform. But I can't get the enum to behave quite like the class and struct examples:

protocol ExampleProtocol {
    var simpleDescription: String { get set }
    mutating func adjust()
}

class SimpleClass: ExampleProtocol {
    var simpleDescription: String = "A very simple class."
    var anotherProperty: Int = 69105

    func adjust() {
        simpleDescription += " Now 100% adjusted."
    }
}

var a = SimpleClass()
a.adjust()
let aDescription = a.simpleDescription

struct SimpleStructure: ExampleProtocol {
    var simpleDescription: String = "A simple structure"

    mutating func adjust() {
        simpleDescription += " (adjusted)"
    }
}

var b = SimpleStructure()
b.adjust()
let bDescription = b.simpleDescription

enum SimpleEnum: ExampleProtocol {
    case Base

    var simpleDescription: String {
        get {
            return "A Simple Enum"
        }
        set {
            newValue
        }
    }

    mutating func adjust() {
        self.simpleDescription += ", adjusted"
    }
}

var c = SimpleEnum.Base
c.adjust()
let cDescription = c.simpleDescription

I haven't figured out how to get the simpleDescription to change as a result of calling adjust(). My example obviously won't do that because the getter has a value hard-coded, but how can I set a value for the simpleDescription while still conforming to the ExampleProtocol?

回答1:

This is my attempt:

protocol ExampleProtocol {
    var simpleDescription: String { get }
    mutating func adjust()
}

enum ExampleEnum : ExampleProtocol {
    case Base, Adjusted

    var simpleDescription: String {
        return self.getDescription()
    }

    func getDescription() -> String {
        switch self {
        case .Base:
            return "A simple description of enum"
        case .Adjusted:
            return "Adjusted description of enum"
        }
    }

    mutating func adjust() {
        self = ExampleEnum.Adjusted
    }
}

var c = ExampleEnum.Base
c.adjust()
let cDescription = c.simpleDescription

回答2:

Here is my take at it.

As this is an enum and not a class, you have to think different(TM): it is your description that has to change when the "state" of your enum changes (as pointed out by @hu-qiang).

enum SimpleEnumeration: ExampleProtocol {
  case Basic, Adjusted

  var description: String {
    switch self {
    case .Basic:
      return "A simple Enumeration"
    case .Adjusted:
      return "A simple Enumeration [adjusted]"
    }
  }

  mutating func adjust()  {
    self = .Adjusted
  }
}

var c = SimpleEnumeration.Basic
c.description
c.adjust()
c.description

Hope that helps.

回答3:

Here's another approach, using only the knowledge gained from the tour until that point*

enum SimpleEnumeration: String, ExampleProtocol {
    case Basic = "A simple enumeration", Adjusted = "A simple enumeration (adjusted)"

    var simpleDescription: String {
        get {
            return self.toRaw()
        }
    }

    mutating func adjust() {
        self = .Adjusted
    }
}

var c = SimpleEnumeration.Basic
c.adjust()
let cDescription = c.simpleDescription

If you want to have adjust() act as a toggle (although there's nothing to suggest this is the case), use:

mutating func adjust() {
    switch self {
    case .Basic:
        self = .Adjusted
    default:
        self = .Basic
    }
}

*(Although it doesn't explicitly mention how to specify a return type and a protocol)

回答4:

Here's a solution that doesn't change the current enum value, but their instance values instead (just in case it is useful to anyone).

enum ProtoEnumeration : ExampleProtocol {
    case One(String)
    case Two(String)

    var simpleDescription: String {
        get {
            switch self {
            case let .One(desc):
                return desc
            case let .Two(desc):
                return desc
            }
        }
    }
    mutating func adjust() {
        switch self {
        case let .One(desc):
            self = .One(desc + ", adjusted 1")
        case let .Two(desc):
            self = .Two(desc + ", adjusted 2")
        }
    }
}

var p = ProtoEnumeration.One("test")
p.simpleDescription
p.adjust()
p.simpleDescription

回答5:

It is not possible to define variables without getter and setter in enums and therefore it is impossible to have a variable that you can modify.

You can conform to the protocol but you cannot have same behavior with mutating as in classes.

回答6:

It is a link about enum in swift.

Structures and enumerations are value types. By default, the properties of a value type cannot be modified from within its instance methods. link

Then, you have to use mutating function.

enum ProtocolEnum: ExampleProtocol {
    case on, off
    var simpleDescription: String {
        switch self {
        case .on:
            return "Switch is ON"
        case .off:
            return "Switch is OFF"
        }
    }
    mutating func adjust() {
        switch self {
        case .on:
            self = off
        case .off:
            self = on
        }
    }
}

var c = ProtocolEnum.on
c.simpleDescription
c.adjust()
let cDescription = c.simpleDescription

回答7:

Another option is for adjust() to flip between cases as follows:

enum SimpleEnum: ExampleProtocol {
    case Foo, Bar

    var simpleDescription: String {
    get {
        let value = self == .Foo
            ? "Foo"
            : "Bar"
        return "A simple \(value) enum."
    }
    }

    mutating func adjust() {
        self = self == .Foo
            ? .Bar
            : .Foo
    }
}

回答8:

Here's building on Jack's answer:

protocol ICanWalk {
    var description: String { get }
    mutating func stepIt()
}

enum TwoStepsForwardThreeStepsBack: Int, ICanWalk {
    case Base = 0, Step1, Step2

    var description: String {
        return "Step \(self.rawValue)"
    }

    mutating func stepIt() {
        if let nextStep = TwoStepsForwardThreeStepsBack( rawValue: self.rawValue + 1 ) {
            // going forward.
            self = nextStep
        } else {
            // back to the base.
            self = TwoStepsForwardThreeStepsBack.Base
        }
    }
}

回答9:

I came up with this

protocol ExampleProtocol {
    var simpleDescription: String { get }
    mutating func adjust()
}

enum Seat: ExampleProtocol {
    case WindowSeat, MiddleSeat, AisleSeat

    var simpleDescription : String {
        switch self {
        case .WindowSeat:
            return "Window Seat"
        case .MiddleSeat:
            return "Middle Seat"
        case .AisleSeat:
            return "Aisle Seat"
        }
    }

    mutating func adjust() {
        switch self {
        case .WindowSeat:
            self = .MiddleSeat
        case .MiddleSeat:
            self = . AisleSeat
        case .AisleSeat:
            self = .WindowSeat
        }
    }
}

var seat = Seat.MiddleSeat
print(seat.simpleDescription) // Middle Seat
seat.adjust()
print(seat.simpleDescription) // Aisle Seat

回答10:

here's my code

enum SimpleEnum: ExampleProtocol {
    case Base, Adjusted
    var simpleDescription: String {
        get {
            var description = "A simple enum."
            switch self {
            case .Base:
                return description
            case .Adjusted:
                return description + " - [adjusted]"
            }
        }
    }
    mutating func adjust() {
        self = SimpleEnum.Adjusted
    }
}
var simpleEnum = SimpleEnum.Base
simpleEnum.adjust()
simpleEnum.simpleDescription

回答11:

My first contribution here:

enum SimpleEnum: ExampleProtocol {
    case Basic(String), Adjusted(String)
    init() {
        self = SimpleEnum.Basic("A simple Enum")

    }

    var simpleDescription: String {
        get {
            switch self {
            case let .Basic(string):
                return string
            case let .Adjusted(string):
                return string
            }
        }
    }

    mutating func adjust() {
        self = SimpleEnum.Adjusted("full adjusted")

    }
}

var c = SimpleEnum()
c.adjust()
let cDescription = c.simpleDescription

Thanks for others!

回答12:

This experiment threw me off too, due to the previous SimpleClass and SimpleStructure examples showing the property simpleDescription being modified internally, which caused me to think that I needed to do the same thing. After looking over the other answers posted here and reading the official Apple Swift 2.1 documentation, I came up with this:

protocol ExampleProtocol {
     var simpleDescription: String { get }
     mutating func adjust()
}

enum SimpleEnum: ExampleProtocol {
    case Simple
    case Adjusted

    var simpleDescription: String {
        switch self {
        case .Simple:
            return "A simple enumeration"
        case .Adjusted:
            return "A simple enumeration somewhat changed."
        }
    }

    mutating func adjust() {
        self = .Adjusted
    }

    mutating func restore() {
        self = .Simple
    }
}

var d: SimpleEnum = .Simple
d.simpleDescription

d.adjust()
d.simpleDescription

d.restore()
d.simpleDescription

Also notice that in the examples given by Apple for SimpleClass and SimpleStructure prior to this experiment, the simple description is lost internally - you cannot get the original value back (unless of course you save it outside of the class/structure); this is what prompted me to create a restore() method for the SimpleEnum example, which allows you to toggle it back and forth between values. Hope this is useful to someone!

回答13:

I was thinking that the goal is simply to retain state and use a description to make the current state easier to read:

enum SimpleEnum: ExampleProtocol {

    case Default, Adjusted

    init() {
        self = .Default
    }

    var simpleDescription: String { get { return "\(self) Value" }}

    mutating func adjust() {
        self = .Adjusted
    }
}

var simpleEnum = SimpleEnum()
simpleEnum.adjust()
let adjustedSimple = simpleEnum.simpleDescript

回答14:

Another variation: Using associated values to hold and display previous option (of the form "Selected 1, adjusted from 2, adjusted from 1, adjusted from 2, adjusted from 1")

protocol ExampleProtocol {
     var simpleDescription: String { get }
     mutating func adjust()
}

indirect enum EnumWithDescription: ExampleProtocol {
    case option1(EnumWithDescription?)
    case option2(EnumWithDescription?)
    var simpleDescription: String {
        return "Selected " + getDescription()
    }
    internal func getDescription() -> String {
        var currentValue: String
        let previousValue : EnumWithDescription?
        switch self {
        case .option1(let previous):
            currentValue = "1"
            previousValue = previous
        case .option2(let previous):
            currentValue = "2"
            previousValue = previous
        }
        if let adjustedFrom = previousValue?.getDescription() {
            return "\(currentValue) adjusted from \(adjustedFrom)"
        }
        else {
            return "\(currentValue)"
        }
    }
    mutating func adjust() {
        switch self {
        case .option1:
            self = .option2(self)
        case .option2:
            self = .option1(self)
        }
    }
}
var d = EnumWithDescription.option1(nil)
d.simpleDescription
d.adjust()
d.adjust()
d.simpleDescription
// Output: "Selected 1, adjusted from 2, adjusted from 1, adjusted from 2, adjusted from 1"

回答15:

how about this

enum SimpleEnum : ExampleProtocol {
    case Desc(String)
    init() {
        self = Desc("a simple enum")
    }
    var simpleDescription:String {
        get {
            return (Mirror(reflecting: self).children.first!.value as? String)!
        }
    }
    mutating func adjust() {
        self = SimpleEnum.Desc(self.desc + " adjusted")
    }
}
var e = SimpleEnum()
e.simpleDescription    # => "a simple enum"
e.adjust()
e.simpleDescription    # => "a simple enum adjusted"