Gulp + Webpack or JUST Webpack?

问题:

I see people using gulp with webpack. But then I read webpack can replace gulp? I'm completely confused here...can someone explain?

UPDATE

in the end I started with gulp. I was new to modern front-end and just wanted to get up and running quick. Now that I've got my feet quite wet after more than a year, I'm ready to move to webpack. I suggest the same route for people who start off in the same shoes. Not saying you can't try webpack but just sayin if it seems complicated start with gulp first...nothing wrong with that.

If you don't want gulp, yes there's grunt but you could also just specify commands in your package.json and call them from the command-line without a task runner just to get up and running initially. For example:

"scripts": {
      "babel": "babel src -d build",
      "browserify": "browserify build/client/app.js -o dist/client/scripts/app.bundle.js",
      "build": "npm run clean && npm run babel && npm run prepare && npm run browserify",
      "clean": "rm -rf build && rm -rf dist",
      "copy:server": "cp build/server.js dist/server.js",
      "copy:index": "cp src/client/index.html dist/client/index.html",
      "copy": "npm run copy:server && npm run copy:index",
      "prepare": "mkdir -p dist/client/scripts/ && npm run copy",
      "start": "node dist/server"
    },

回答1:

This answer might help. Task Runners (Gulp, Grunt, etc) and Bundlers (Webpack, Browserify). Why use together?

...and here's an example of using webpack from within a gulp task. This goes a step further and assumes that your webpack config is written in es6.

var gulp = require('gulp');
var webpack = require('webpack');
var gutil = require('gutil');
var babel = require('babel/register');
var config = require(path.join('../..', 'webpack.config.es6.js'));

gulp.task('webpack-es6-test', function(done){
   webpack(config).run(onBuild(done));
});

function onBuild(done) {
    return function(err, stats) {
        if (err) {
            gutil.log('Error', err);
            if (done) {
                done();
            }
        } else {
            Object.keys(stats.compilation.assets).forEach(function(key) {
                gutil.log('Webpack: output ', gutil.colors.green(key));
            });
            gutil.log('Webpack: ', gutil.colors.blue('finished ', stats.compilation.name));
            if (done) {
                done();
            }
        }
    }
}

I think you'll find that as your app gets more complicated, you might want to use gulp with a webpack task as per example above. This allows you to do a few more interesting things in your build that webpack loaders and plugins really don't do, ie. creating output directories, starting servers, etc. Well, to be succinct, webpack actually can do those things, but you might find them limited for your long term needs. One of the biggest advantages you get from gulp -> webpack is that you can customize your webpack config for different environments and have gulp do the right task for the right time. Its really up to you, but there's nothing wrong with running webpack from gulp, in fact there's some pretty interesting examples of how to do it. The example above is basically from jlongster.

回答2:

NPM scripts can do the same as gulp, but in about 50x less code. In fact, with no code at all, only command line arguments.

For example, the use case you described where you want to have different code for different environments.

With Webpack + NPM Scripts, it's this easy:

"prebuild:dev": "npm run clean:wwwroot",
"build:dev": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development webpack --config config/webpack.development.js --hot --profile --progress --colors --display-cached",
"postbuild:dev": "npm run copy:index.html && npm run rename:index.html",

"prebuild:production": "npm run clean:wwwroot",
"build:production": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack --config config/webpack.production.js --profile --progress --colors --display-cached --bail",
"postbuild:production": "npm run copy:index.html && npm run rename:index.html",

"clean:wwwroot": "rimraf -- wwwroot/*",
"copy:index.html": "ncp wwwroot/index.html Views/Shared",
"rename:index.html": "cd ../PowerShell && elevate.exe -c renamer --find \"index.html\" --replace \"_Layout.cshtml\" \"../MyProject/Views/Shared/*\"",

Now you simply maintain two webpack config scripts, one for development mode, webpack.development.js, and one for production mode, webpack.production.js. I also utilize a webpack.common.js which houses webpack config shared on all environments, and use webpackMerge to merge them.

Because of the coolness of NPM scripts, it allows for easy chaining, similar to how gulp does Streams/pipes.

In the example above, to build for developement, you simply go to your command line and execute npm run build:dev.

1. NPM would first run prebuild:dev,
2. Then build:dev,
3. And finally postbuild:dev.

The pre and post prefixes tell NPM which order to execute in.

If you notice, with Webpack + NPM scripts, you can run a native programs, such as rimraf, instead of a gulp-wrapper for a native program such as gulp-rimraf. You can also run native Windows .exe files as I did here with elevate.exe or native *nix files on Linux or Mac.

Try doing the same thing with gulp. You'll have to wait for someone to come along and write a gulp-wrapper for the native program you want to use. In addition, you'll likely need to write convoluted code like this: (taken straight from angular2-seed repo)

Gulp Development code

import * as gulp from 'gulp';
import * as gulpLoadPlugins from 'gulp-load-plugins';
import * as merge from 'merge-stream';
import * as util from 'gulp-util';
import { join/*, sep, relative*/ } from 'path';

import { APP_DEST, APP_SRC, /*PROJECT_ROOT, */TOOLS_DIR, TYPED_COMPILE_INTERVAL } from '../../config';
import { makeTsProject, templateLocals } from '../../utils';

const plugins = <any>gulpLoadPlugins();

let typedBuildCounter = TYPED_COMPILE_INTERVAL; // Always start with the typed build.

/**
 * Executes the build process, transpiling the TypeScript files (except the spec and e2e-spec files) for the development
 * environment.
 */
export = () => {
  let tsProject: any;
  let typings = gulp.src([
    'typings/index.d.ts',
    TOOLS_DIR + '/manual_typings/**/*.d.ts'
  ]);
  let src = [
    join(APP_SRC, '**/*.ts'),
    '!' + join(APP_SRC, '**/*.spec.ts'),
    '!' + join(APP_SRC, '**/*.e2e-spec.ts')
  ];

  let projectFiles = gulp.src(src);
  let result: any;
  let isFullCompile = true;

  // Only do a typed build every X builds, otherwise do a typeless build to speed things up
  if (typedBuildCounter < TYPED_COMPILE_INTERVAL) {
    isFullCompile = false;
    tsProject = makeTsProject({isolatedModules: true});
    projectFiles = projectFiles.pipe(plugins.cached());
    util.log('Performing typeless TypeScript compile.');
  } else {
    tsProject = makeTsProject();
    projectFiles = merge(typings, projectFiles);
  }

  result = projectFiles
    .pipe(plugins.plumber())
    .pipe(plugins.sourcemaps.init())
    .pipe(plugins.typescript(tsProject))
    .on('error', () => {
      typedBuildCounter = TYPED_COMPILE_INTERVAL;
    });

  if (isFullCompile) {
    typedBuildCounter = 0;
  } else {
    typedBuildCounter++;
  }

  return result.js
    .pipe(plugins.sourcemaps.write())
// Use for debugging with Webstorm/IntelliJ
// https://github.com/mgechev/angular2-seed/issues/1220
//    .pipe(plugins.sourcemaps.write('.', {
//      includeContent: false,
//      sourceRoot: (file: any) =>
//        relative(file.path, PROJECT_ROOT + '/' + APP_SRC).replace(sep, '/') + '/' + APP_SRC
//    }))
    .pipe(plugins.template(templateLocals()))
    .pipe(gulp.dest(APP_DEST));
};

Gulp Production code

import * as gulp from 'gulp';
import * as gulpLoadPlugins from 'gulp-load-plugins';
import { join } from 'path';

import { TMP_DIR, TOOLS_DIR } from '../../config';
import { makeTsProject, templateLocals } from '../../utils';

const plugins = <any>gulpLoadPlugins();

const INLINE_OPTIONS = {
  base: TMP_DIR,
  useRelativePaths: true,
  removeLineBreaks: true
};

/**
 * Executes the build process, transpiling the TypeScript files for the production environment.
 */

export = () => {
  let tsProject = makeTsProject();
  let src = [
    'typings/index.d.ts',
    TOOLS_DIR + '/manual_typings/**/*.d.ts',
    join(TMP_DIR, '**/*.ts')
  ];
  let result = gulp.src(src)
    .pipe(plugins.plumber())
    .pipe(plugins.inlineNg2Template(INLINE_OPTIONS))
    .pipe(plugins.typescript(tsProject))
    .once('error', function () {
      this.once('finish', () => process.exit(1));
    });


  return result.js
    .pipe(plugins.template(templateLocals()))
    .pipe(gulp.dest(TMP_DIR));
};

The actual gulp code is much more complicated that this, as this is only 2 of the several dozen gulp files in the repo.

So, which one is easier to you?

In my opinion, NPM scripts far surpasses gulp and grunt, in both effectiveness and ease of use, and all front-end developers should consider using it in their workflow because it is a major time saver.

UPDATE

There is one scenario I've encountered where I wanted to use Gulp in combination with NPM scripts and Webpack.

When I need to do remote debugging on an iPad or Android device for example, I need to start up extra servers. In the past I ran all the servers as separate processes, from within IntelliJ IDEA (Or Webstorm) that is easy with the "Compound" Run Configuration. But if I need to stop and restart them, it was tedious to have to close 5 different server tabs, plus the output was spread across the different windows.

One of the benefits of gulp is that is can chain all the output from separate independent processes into one console window, which becomes the parent of all the child servers.

So I created a very simple gulp task that just runs my NPM scripts or the commands directly, so all the output appears in one window, and I can easily end all 5 servers at once by closing the gulp task window.

Gulp.js

/**
 * Gulp / Node utilities
 */
var gulp = require('gulp-help')(require('gulp'));
var utils = require('gulp-util');
var log = utils.log;
var con = utils.colors;

/**
 * Basic workflow plugins
 */
var shell = require('gulp-shell'); // run command line from shell
var browserSync = require('browser-sync');

/**
 * Performance testing plugins
 */
var ngrok = require('ngrok');

// Variables
var serverToProxy1 = "localhost:5000";
var finalPort1 = 8000;


// When the user enters "gulp" on the command line, the default task will automatically be called. This default task below, will run all other tasks automatically.

// Default task
gulp.task('default', function (cb) {
   console.log('Starting dev servers!...');
   gulp.start(
      'devserver:jit',
      'nodemon',
      'browsersync',
      'ios_webkit_debug_proxy'
      'ngrok-url',
      // 'vorlon',
      // 'remotedebug_ios_webkit_adapter'
   );
});

gulp.task('nodemon', shell.task('cd ../backend-nodejs && npm run nodemon'));
gulp.task('devserver:jit', shell.task('npm run devserver:jit'));
gulp.task('ios_webkit_debug_proxy', shell.task('npm run ios-webkit-debug-proxy'));
gulp.task('browsersync', shell.task(`browser-sync start --proxy ${serverToProxy1} --port ${finalPort1} --no-open`));
gulp.task('ngrok-url', function (cb) {
   return ngrok.connect(finalPort1, function (err, url) {
      site = url;
      log(con.cyan('ngrok'), '- serving your site from', con.yellow(site));
      cb();
   });
});
// gulp.task('vorlon', shell.task('vorlon'));
// gulp.task('remotedebug_ios_webkit_adapter', shell.task('remotedebug_ios_webkit_adapter'));

Still quite a bit of code just to run 5 tasks, in my opinion, but it works for the purpose. One caveate is that gulp-shell doesn't seem to run some commands correctly, such as ios-webkit-debug-proxy. So I had to create an NPM Script that just executes the same command, and then it works.

So I primarily use NPM Scripts for all my tasks, but occasionally when I need to run a bunch of servers at once, I'll fire up my Gulp task to help out. Pick the right tool for the right job.

UPDATE 2

I now use a script called concurrently which does the same thing as the gulp task above. It runs multiple CLI scripts in parallel and pipes them all to the same console window, and its very simple to use. Once again, no code required (well, the code is inside the node_module for concurrently, but you don't have to concern yourself with that)

// NOTE: If you need to run a command with spaces in it, you need to use 
// double quotes, and they must be escaped (at least on windows).
// It doesn't seem to work with single quotes.

"run:all": "concurrently \"npm run devserver\" nodemon browsersync ios_webkit_debug_proxy ngrok-url"

This runs all 5 scripts in parallel piped out to one terminal. Awesome! So that this point, I rarely use gulp, since there are so many cli scripts to do the same tasks with no code.

I suggest you read these articles which compare them in depth.

• How to Use NPM as a Build Tool
• Why we should stop using Grunt & Gulp
• Why I Left Gulp and Grunt for NPM Scripts

回答3:

I used both options in my different projects.

Here is one boilerplate that I put together using gulp with webpack - https://github.com/iroy2000/react-reflux-boilerplate-with-webpack.

I have some other project used only webpack with npm tasks.

And they both works totally fine. And I think it burns down to is how complicated your task is, and how much control you want to have in your configuration.

For example, if you tasks is simple, let's say dev, build, test ... etc ( which is very standard ), you are totally fine with just simple webpack with npm tasks.

But if you have very complicated workflow and you want to have more control of your configuration ( because it is coding ), you could go for gulp route.

But from my experience, webpack ecosystem provides more than enough plugins and loaders that I will need, and so I love using the bare minimum approach unless there is something you can only do in gulp. And also, it will make your configuration easier if you have one less thing in your system.

And a lot of times, nowadays, I see people actually replacing gulp and browsify all together with webpack alone.

回答4:

Honestly I think the best is to use both.

• Webpack for all javascript related.
• Gulp for all css related.

I still have to find a decent solution for packaging css with webpack, and so far I am happy using gulp for css and webpack for javascript.

I also use npm scripts as @Tetradev as described. Expecially since I am using Visual Studio, and while NPM Task runner is pretty reliable Webpack Task Runner is pretty buggy.

回答5:

The concepts of Gulp and Webpack are quite different. You tell Gulp how to put front-end code together step-by-step, but you tell Webpack what you want through a config file.

Here is a short article (5 min read) I wrote explaining my understanding of the differences: https://medium.com/@Maokai/compile-the-front-end-from-gulp-to-webpack-c45671ad87fe

Our company moved from Gulp to Webpack in the past year. Although it took some time, we figured out how to move all we did in Gulp to Webpack. So to us, everything we did in Gulp we can also do through Webpack, but not the other way around.

As of today, I'd suggest just use Webpack and avoid the mixture of Gulp and Webpack so you and your team do not need to learn and maintain both, especially because they are requiring very different mindsets.