Earlier today I asked the following question: iOS block being stoped when view pushed
The operation I mentioned (OP1) is actually a "http get" to my server, using NSURLConnection.
After even more investigation I discovered that the block doesn't actually "die". What really happens is that the request is actually SENT (the server side logs it), even after the view is pushed (verified via [NSThread sleep:10]). The server responds but then NOTHING happens on the app side if the view2 has been pushed! almost as if the connection had lost its delegate! Another possibility im looking at is "the fact that NSURLConnection is on the rsMainLoop related?"
Can anyone help?
Pls don't forget that:
0. Everything works fine as long as the view2 is not pushed until operation completion.
1. The request is sent async
2. I set the delegate and it works as long as the view dont change
3. view1 starts the operation using the "singleton object reference" property "OP1Completed"
4. view2 checks the completion of OP1 via propertie on the "singleton object reference"
5. view2 gets the "result" by going to the "singleton.OP1Result" property
Edit 1:
Ok lets have some code. First here is the relevant code of my singleton (named "Interaction"):
-(void)loadAllContextsForUser:(NSString *)username{
userNameAux = username;
_loadingContextsCompleted = NO;
if (contextsLoaderQueue == NULL) {
contextsLoaderQueue = dispatch_queue_create("contextsLoaderQueue", NULL);
}
dispatch_async(contextsLoaderQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"Loading all contexts block started");
[self requestConnectivity];
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[Util Get:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/userContext?username=%@", Util.azureBaseUrl, [username stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]
successBlock:^(NSData *data, id jsonData){
NSLog(@"Loading all contexts block succeeded");
if([userNameAux isEqualToString:username]){
_allContextsForCurrentUser = [[NSSet alloc]initWithArray: jsonData];
}
} errorBlock:^(NSError *error){
NSLog(@"%@",error);
} completeBlock:^{
NSLog(@"load all contexts for user async block completed.");
_loadingContextsCompleted = YES;
[self releaseConnectivity];
}];
});
while (!_loadingContextsCompleted) {
NSLog(@"loading all contexts block waiting.");
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:.5];
}
});
NSLog(@"Load All Contexts Dispatched. It should start at any moment if it not already.");
}
And here is the class Util, which actually handles the request/response
-(id)initGet:(NSString *)resourceURL successBlock:(successBlock_t)successBlock errorBlock:(errorBlock_t)errorBlock completeBlock:(completeBlock_t)completeBlock;{
if(self=[super init]){
_data=[[NSMutableData alloc]init];
}
_successBlock = [successBlock copy];
_completeBlock = [completeBlock copy];
_errorBlock = [errorBlock copy];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:resourceURL];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self startImmediately:YES];
//[_conn scheduleInRunLoop:[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
//[_conn start];
NSLog(@"Request Started.");
return self;
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
{
[_data setLength:0];
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
[_data appendData:data];
}
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
{
id jsonObjects = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:_data options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:nil];
id key = [[jsonObjects allKeys] objectAtIndex:0];
id jsonResult = [jsonObjects objectForKey:key];
_successBlock(_data, jsonResult);
_completeBlock();
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
_errorBlock(error);
_completeBlock();
}
And finally here is the relevant part VC1 (pushing in VC2)
- (IBAction)loginClicked {
NSLog(@"login clicked. Preparing to exibit next view");
UIStoryboard *storyboard = [UIStoryboard storyboardWithName:@"MainStoryboard_iPhone" bundle:nil];
AuthenticationViewController *viewController = (AuthenticationViewController *)[storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"ContextSelectionView"];
NSLog(@"Preparation completed. pushing view now");
[self presentViewController:viewController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
You might be surprised, but there are a couple of solutions - some of which are very common and can be implemented very easily ;) Even though, this answer is ridiculous elaborate, the actual solution to your problem will not exceed a few lines of code. :)
You ran into a typical "async problem" - well, it's less than a problem, rather a typical programming task nowadays.
What you have is an asynchronous task, OP1. This will be started from within ViewController 1 (VC1), and at some indeterminate time later, it will eventually produce either a result or an error.
The eventual result of OP1 should be handled later in VC2.
There are a few approaches how a client can obtain the eventual result, for example: via KVO, delegate method, completion block, callback function, future or promise and per notification.
These approaches above have one property in common: the call-site gets notified by the asynchronous result provider (and not vice versa).
Polling for the result until it is available, is a bad approach. Likewse, hanging in a semaphore and blocking the current thread until the result is "signaled" is equally suboptimal.
You are probably familiar with completion blocks. A typical asynchronous method which notifies the call-site when the result is available looks like this:
typedef void (^completion_block_t)(id result);
- (void) doSomethingAsyncWithCompletion:(completion_block_t)completionHandler;
Note: the call-site provides the completion handler, while the async tasks calls the block when it is finished, and passes its result (or error) to the result parameter of the block. Unless otherwise stated, the execution context - that is the thread or dispatch queue or NSOperationQueue - of where the block will be executed is not known.
But when thinking about your problem, a simple async function and a completion handler doesn't yield a viable solution. You cannot pass that "method" easily from VC1 to VC2 and then later "attach" somehow a completion block in VC2.
Luckily, any asynchronous task can be encapsulated into an NSOperation. An NSOperation has a completion block as a property which can be set by the call-site or elsewhere. And an NSOperation object can be easily passed from VC1 to VC2. VC2 simply adds a completion block to the operation, and eventually gets notified when its finished and the result is available.
However, while this would be a viable solution for your problem - there are in fact a few issues with this approach - which I don't want to elaborate, but instead propose an even better one: "Promises".
A "Promise" represents the eventual result of an asynchronous task. That is, a promise will exist even though the result of the asynchronous task is not yet evaluated. A Promise is an ordinary object which you can send messages. Thus, Promises can be passed around much like NSOperations. A Promise is the return value of an asynchronous method/function:
-(Promise*) doSomethingAsync;
Don't mismatch a Promise with the asynchronous function/method/task/operation - the promise is just a representation of the eventual result of the task.
A Promise MUST be eventually resolved by the asynchronous task - that is, the task MUST send the promise a "fulfill" message along with the result value, or it MUST send the promise the "reject" message along with an error. The promise keeps a reference of that result value passed from the task.
A Promise can be resolved only once!
In order to obtain the eventual result a client can "register" a success handler and an error handler . The success handler will be called when the task fulfills the promise (that is, it was successful), and the error handler will be called when the task rejected the promise passing along the reason as an error object.
Assuming a particular implementation of a promise, resolving a promise may look like this:
- (Promise*) task {
Promise* promise = [Promise new];
dispatch_async(private_queue, ^{
...
if (success) {
[promise fulfillWithValue:result];
}
else {
NSError* error = ...;
[promise rejectWithReason:error];
}
});
return promise;
}
A client "registers" handlers for obtaining the eventual result as follows:
Promise* promise = [self fetchUsers];
promise.then( <success handler block>, <error handler block> );
The success handler and error handler block are declared as follows:
typedef id (^success_handler_block)(id result);
typedef id (^error_handler_block)(NSError* error);
In order to just "register" a success handler (for the case, the async tasks "returns" successfully) one would write:
promise.then(^id(id users) {
NSLog(@"Users:", users);
return nil;
}, nil);
If the task succeeds, the handler will be called - which prints the users to the console.
When the task fails, the success handler will not be called.
In order to just "register" an error handler (for the case, the async tasks fails) one would write:
promise.then(nil, ^id(NSError* error) {
NSLog(@"ERROR:", error);
return nil;
}, nil);
If the task succeeds, the error handler will not be called. Only if the task fails (or any children tasks), this error handler will be invoked.
When the result of the async task is eventually available, the code within the handlers will be executed "in some unspecified execution context". That means, it may execute on any thread. (Note: there are ways to specify the execution context, say the main thread).
A promise can register more than one handler pair. You can add as many handlers as you want, and where and when you want. Now, you should understand the connection with your actual problem:
You can start an asynchronous task in VC1, and get a promise. Then pass this promise to VC2. In VC2 you can add your handler, which will get invoked when the result is eventually available.
Don't worry when the result is actually already available when passing the promise to VC2, that is, when the promise has been resolved already. You can still add handlers and they get fired properly (immediately).
You can also "chain" multiple tasks - that is, invoke task2 once when task1 is finished. A "chain" or "continuation" of four async tasks looks as follows:
Promise* task4Promise =
[self task1]
.then(^id(id result1){
return [task2WithInput:result1];
}, nil)
.then(^id(id result2){
return [task3WithInput:result2];
}, nil)
.then(^id(id result3){
return [task4WithInput:result3];
}, nil);
task4Promise represents the eventual result of task4WithInput:.
One can also execute tasks in parallel, like taskB and taskC which will get started in parallel when taskA has been finished successfully:
Promise* root = [self taskA];
root.then(^id(id result){
return [self taskB];
}, nil);
root.then(^id(id result){
return [self taskC];
}, nil);
With this scheme, one can define an acyclic graph of tasks, where each is dependent on the successful execution of its successor ("parent"). "Errors" will be passed through to the root, and handled by the last error handler (if any).
There are a few implementations for Objective-C. I've written one myself: "RXPromise" (available on GitHub). One of the strongest feature is "Cancellation" - which is NOT a standard feature of promises, but implemented in RXPromise. With this, you can selectively cancel a tree of asynchronous tasks.
There is a lot more about promises. You may search the web, especially in the JavaScript community.
I'm not sure I understand the work flow that goes on in the first controller -- specifically, what the user does to initiate the download, and what else he does before the next controller gets presented (and when that controller gets instantiated). When I've made apps in the past that required doing downloads from multiple classes, I've created a download class that creates the NSURLConnection, and implements all the call backs. It has one delegate protocol method to send back the data (either raw data or error object) to its delegate.
I made a simple test case simulating what I think your work flow is, using two buttons. One instantiates a Downloader class instance, creates the next controller, sets it as the delegate of the downloader, and starts the download. The second button does the push to that second controller. This works, no matter when the push happens, but I don't know if it's relevant to your situation (I test using the Network Link Conditioner to simulate a slow connection).
The first Controller:
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "ReceivingViewController.h"
#import "Downloader.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong,nonatomic) ReceivingViewController *receiver;
@end
@implementation ViewController
-(IBAction)buttonClicked:(id)sender {
Downloader *loader = [Downloader new];
self.receiver = [self.storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"Receiver"];
loader.delegate = self.receiver;
[loader startLoad];
}
-(IBAction)goToReceiver:(id)sender {
[self.navigationController pushViewController:self.receiver animated:YES];
}
The Download class .h:
@protocol DownloadCompleted <NSObject>
-(void)downloadedFinished:(id) dataOrError;
@end
@interface Downloader : NSObject
@property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableData *receivedData;
@property (weak,nonatomic) id <DownloadCompleted> delegate;
-(void)startLoad;
Downloader .m:
-(void)startLoad {
NSLog(@"start");
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.google.com"] cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData timeoutInterval:10];
NSURLConnection *connection = [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
if (connection) self.receivedData = [NSMutableData new];
}
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response {
self.receivedData.length = 0;
}
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
[self.receivedData appendData:data];
}
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
[self.delegate downloadedFinished:error];
}
-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
[self.delegate downloadedFinished:self.receivedData];
}
-(void)dealloc {
NSLog(@"In Downloader dealloc. loader is: %@",self);
}
The second controller:
@interface ReceivingViewController ()
@property (strong,nonatomic) NSData *theData;
@end
@implementation ReceivingViewController
-(void)downloadedFinished:(id)dataOrError {
self.theData = (NSData *)dataOrError;
NSLog(@"%@",self.theData);
}
-(void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated {
[super viewDidAppear:animated];
NSLog(@"%@",self.theData);
}
So, here is what I think will work for sure:
Pass the flag to the new controller. If the flag is unfinished, then start over loading in the new VC and make sure none of the data shows up until it is done loading.
I do think it is weird that the thread stops though, with the new VC being pushed, because when I dispatch asynchronous calls with AFNetworking, it does continue to load even after a new VC is pushed. Perhaps if you are using a different framework, you should use AFNetworking.
So, if your thread actually does continue after the new VC is pushed on (as I suspect it does - you just think it doesn't keep going because it crashes the code), then try the following:
a) pass flag, if operation finished, proceed normally
b) if not, don't load anything and invoke some kind of delegate method between the two that checks if the flag is set, and returns the data if so.
If you have questions on how to set up a delegate, just ask and I can fill in some details on that.
As already mentioned in a comment in you first question: you have probably two issues:
- A design problem
- A code issue, causing the block. (but without code this is difficult to figure out).
Lets propose a practical approach:
Say, our singleton is some "Loader" class which performs HTTP requests. Instead of polling a property which determines the state of the network request, you should return some object which you can ask for the state, or even better where VC2 can register a completion block which gets called when the request is finished.
An NSOperation could be "used" to represent the eventual result of the asynchronous network request. But this is a bit unwieldy - suppose we have a subclass RequestOperation:
RequestOperation* requestOp = [[Loader sharedLoader] fetchWithURL:url];
Now, "requestOp" represents your network request, including the eventual result.
You can obtain this operation in VC1.
You may not want to ask the shared loader about a particular operation, because it may stateless -- that is, it does not itself track the request operations. Consider, you want to use class Loader several times for starting network requests - possible in parallel. Then, which request do you mean when you ask one property of Loader which tells you something about the state of a request? (it won't work).
So, again back to a working approach and to VC1:
Suppose, in VC1 you obtained the RequestOperation object which is a subclass of NSOperation. Suppose, RequestOperation has a property responseBody - which is a NSData object representing the eventual response data of the request operation.
In order to obtain the eventual response body of the request, you cannot just ask the property: the connection could possibly still running - the you would get nil or garbage, or you might block the thread. The behavior is dependent on the implementation of RequestOperation.
The solution is as follows:
In VC2:
We assume, VC1 has "passed" the requestOp to VC2 (for example in prepareForSegue:sender:).
In order to retrieve the response body in an asynchronous correct manner, you need some extra steps:
Create a NSBlockOperation which executes a block which handles the response body, for example:
NSBlockOperation* handlerOp = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSData* body = requestOp.responseBody;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
self.model = body;
[self.tableView reloadData];
});
}];
Then, make the handlerOp dependent on the requestOp - that is, start executing handlerOp when requestOp finished:
[handlerOP addDependency:requestOp];
Add the handlerOp to a queue, in order to execute:
[[NSOperation mainQueue] addOperation:handlerOp];
This still requires you to think "asynchronously" - there is no way around this. The best is, to get used to the practical patterns and idioms.
An alternative approach is using RXPromise (from a third party library):
In VC1:
requestPromise = [Loader fetchWithURL:url];
Now, in VC2:
We assume, VC1 has "passed" the requestPromise to VC2 (for example in prepareForSegue:sender:).
For example in viewDidLoad:
requestPromise.thenOn(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^id(id responseBody){
// executes on main thread!
self.model = responseBody;
[self.tableView reloadData];
return nil;
}, nil);
Bonus:
If required, you can cancel the network request at any time through sending cancel to the promise:
- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
[super viewWillDisappear:animated];
[self.requestPromise cancel];
self.requestPromise = nil;
}
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