Python's lambda iteration not working as inten

问题:

In the code below I intend to have two buttons, and when each is pressed '0' and '1' are to be printed to stdout, respectively. However when the program is run, they both print '1', which is the last value i had in the for iteration. Why?

import Tkinter as tk
import sys

root = tk.Tk()

for i in range(0,2):
    cmd = lambda: sys.stdout.write(str(i))
    tk.Button(text="print '%d'" % i,command=cmd).pack()

root.mainloop()

回答1:

The i is not captured in the lambda when you create it (as you wanted). Instead, both functions refer back to the i in the external for loop, which changes after the function is created and before it is run. To capture it, you can use a default value:

for i in range(0,2):
    cmd = lambda i=i: sys.stdout.write(str(i))
    tk.Button(text="print '%d'" % i,command=cmd).pack()

回答2:

Surely it's the issue in

On lambdas, capture, and mutability

that comes up over and over...

回答3:

I think it's a bit odd to use an anonymous function just to then give it a name. Why not write it like this?

for i in 0,1:
    def cmd():
        return sys.stdout.write(str(i))
    tk.Button(text="print '%d'"%i, command=cmd).pack()