Randomly extract x items from a list using python

问题:

Starting with two lists such as:

lstOne = [ '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10']
lstTwo = [ '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10']

I want to have the user input how many items they want to extract, as a percentage of the overall list length, and the same indices from each list to be randomly extracted. For example say I wanted 50% the output would be

newLstOne = ['8', '1', '3', '7', '5']
newLstTwo = ['8', '1', '3', '7', '5']

I have achieved this using the following code:

from random import randrange

lstOne = [ '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10']
lstTwo = [ '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10']

LengthOfList = len(lstOne)
print LengthOfList

PercentageToUse = input("What Percentage Of Reads Do you want to extract? ")
RangeOfListIndices = []

HowManyIndicesToMake = (float(PercentageToUse)/100)*float(LengthOfList)
print HowManyIndicesToMake

for x in lstOne:
    if len(RangeOfListIndices)==int(HowManyIndicesToMake):
        break
    else:
        random_index = randrange(0,LengthOfList)
        RangeOfListIndices.append(random_index)

print RangeOfListIndices


newlstOne = []
newlstTwo = []

for x in RangeOfListIndices:
    newlstOne.append(lstOne[int(x)])
for x in RangeOfListIndices:
    newlstTwo.append(lstTwo[int(x)])

print newlstOne
print newlstTwo

But I was wondering if there was a more efficient way of doing this, in my actual use case this is subsampling from 145,000 items. Furthermore, is randrange sufficiently free of bias at this scale?

Thank you

回答1:

Q. I want to have the user input how many items they want to extract, as a percentage of the overall list length, and the same indices from each list to be randomly extracted.

A. The most straight-forward approach directly matches your specification:

 percentage = float(raw_input('What percentage? '))
 k = len(data) * percentage // 100
 indicies = random.sample(xrange(len(data)), k)
 new_list1 = [list1[i] for i in indicies]
 new_list2 = [list2[i] for i in indicies]

Q. in my actual use case this is subsampling from 145,000 items. Furthermore, is randrange sufficiently free of bias at this scale?

A. In Python 2 and Python 3, the random.randrange() function completely eliminates bias (it uses the internal _randbelow() method that makes multiple random choices until a bias-free result is found).

In Python 2, the random.sample() function is slightly biased but only in the round-off in the last of 53 bits. In Python 3, the random.sample() function uses the internal _randbelow() method and is bias-free.

回答2:

Just zip your two lists together, use random.sample to do your sampling, then zip again to transpose back into two lists.

import random

_zips = random.sample(zip(lstOne,lstTwo), 5)

new_list_1, new_list_2 = zip(*_zips)

demo:

list_1 = range(1,11)
list_2 = list('abcdefghij')

_zips = random.sample(zip(list_1, list_2), 5)

new_list_1, new_list_2 = zip(*_zips)

new_list_1
Out[33]: (3, 1, 9, 8, 10)

new_list_2
Out[34]: ('c', 'a', 'i', 'h', 'j')

回答3:

The way you are doing it looks mostly okay to me.

If you want to avoid sampling the same object several times, you could proceed as follows:

a = len(lstOne)
choose_from = range(a)          #<--- creates a list of ints of size len(lstOne)
random.shuffle(choose_from)
for i in choose_from[:a]:       # selects the desired number of items from both original list
    newlstOne.append(lstOne[i]) # at the same random locations & appends to two newlists in
    newlstTwo.append(lstTwo[i]) # sequence