C++: How can i create a function that accepts conc

问题:

Can i design my logging-function in a way, that it accepts concatenated strings of the following form using C++?

int i = 1;
customLoggFunction("My Integer i = " << i << ".");

.

customLoggFunction( [...] ){
    [...]
    std::cout << "Debug Message: " << myLoggMessage << std::endl << std::endl
}

Edit:

Using std::string as the attribute to the function works for the concatenated string, but then a passed non-concatenated string like customLoggFunction("example string") produces a compile-time error saying the function is not applicable for char[]. When i overload the function in the following way...

customLoggFunction(std::string message){...}
customLoggFunction(char message[]){...}

... the concatenated strings seize to work.

I uploaded the code: http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/d64dc90add3e59ed

回答1:

It's impossible to do with the exact syntax you asked for unless you resort to macros.

But if you don't mind replacing << with ,, then you can do following:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

void log_impl(const std::string &str)
{
    std::cout << str;
}

template <typename ...P> void log(const P &... params)
{
    std::stringstream stream;

    (stream << ... << params);
    // If you don't have C++17, use following instead of the above line:
    // using dummy_array = int[];
    // dummy_array{(void(stream << params), 0)..., 0};

    log_impl(stream.str());
}

int main()
{
    log("1", 2, '3'); // prints 123
}

回答2:

For trivial projects this is one of the few things I use a MACRO for. You can do something like this:

#define LOG(m) do{ std::cout << timestamp() << ": " << m << '\n'; }while(0)

// ...

LOG("error: [" << errno "] " << filename << " does not exist.");

Generally MACROS should be avoided but there is no other way to get precisely this with a standard function. So...

Note: The empty condition do{...}while(0) enables you to place the MACRO in places that a MACRO usually can't go if it contains multiple statements.

回答3:

You could do it by defining a new operator<<. From vague memory, implementing functions with these three signatures will do the trick:

std::string operator<<(const char * a, const std::string & b);
std::string operator<<(const std::string & a, const char * b);
std::string operator<<(const std::string & a, const std::string & b);

Each of them has to concatenate its arguments and return a std::string.

Howeever, it feels wrong. Goes against the grain of C++. I suggest a more C++-ish solution, namely to make your logger into a class, and write operator<<() members for that class, so you can run

customLog << "My Integer i = " << i << "." << "\n";

回答4:

One approach is a simple utility class that uses a standard stream in a templated member function:

class LogStream {
    public:
        template <class T> LogStream& operator << (const T& rhs) {
            stream << rhs;
            return *this;
        }

    private:
        std::stringstream stream;
};

The stream member doing all the work is then used in the destructor,

~LogStream() {
    std::cout << stream.str() << std::endl;
}

and you can create temporary objects for passing your arguments to be concatenated:

LogStream() << "anything with std::ostream operator: " << 1.2345 << ' ' << std::hex << 12;

Additional state (e.g. a log level) can be passed to the constructor, often accompagnied by convenience functions like LogStream debug() { return LogStream(...); }. When you reach a certain point of sophistication though, you might want to switch to a logging library of course.