Multiple Key Event Bindings in Tkinter - “Control

问题:

Mac OS X 10.6.6 - Tkinter

I want to bind multiple-key events, and while I have found an effbot article and the Tk man pages, I've been unable to make this work correctly. I'm new here.

I've had mixed success. I've been able to get Shift + letter key, but not Control or Command (Apple key). What I really want to do is Command + letter and Control + letter key so it would theoretically work in Windows and OS X.

I want it to work at window-level, so I'm using root. Perhaps there is a better way. Below is what I've tried:

root.bind('<Shift-E>', self.pressedCmdE)   # Works
root.bind('e', self.pressedCmdE)           # Works
root.bind('<Command-E>', self.pressedCmdE) # Does Not Work
#root.bind('<Mod1-E>', self.pressedCmdE)   #   # Do Mod1, M1, and
#root.bind('<M1-E>', self.pressedCmdE)     #   # Command mean the same thing?

---

Strangely, when I press alt/option + (E, N, or others) it creates an error. Is it interacting with PythonLauncher?

2011-06-16 16:19:22.618 Python[1546:d07] An uncaught exception was raised
2011-06-16 16:19:22.621 Python[1546:d07] *** -[NSCFString characterAtIndex:]: Range or index out of bounds
2011-06-16 16:19:22.622 Python[1546:d07] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSRangeException', reason: '*** -[NSCFString characterAtIndex:]: Range or index out of bounds'
*** Call stack at first throw:
(
    0   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff85b397b4 __exceptionPreprocess + 180
    1   libobjc.A.dylib                     0x00007fff848b90f3 objc_exception_throw + 45
    2   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff85b395d7 +[NSException raise:format:arguments:] + 103
    3   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff85b39564 +[NSException raise:format:] + 148
    4   Foundation                          0x00007fff866eb5e1 -[NSCFString characterAtIndex:] + 97
    5   Tk                                  0x0000000100759bcf Tk_SetCaretPos + 663
    6   Tk                                  0x000000010075fd94 Tk_MacOSXSetupTkNotifier + 699
    7   Tcl                                 0x000000010061d2ae Tcl_DoOneEvent + 297
    8   _tkinter.so                         0x00000001001d9be9 init_tkinter + 1132
    9   Python                              0x0000000100089187 PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 15317
    10  Python                              0x000000010008acce PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 1803
    11  Python                              0x000000010008935e PyEval_EvalFrameEx + 15788
    12  Python                              0x000000010008acce PyEval_EvalCodeEx + 1803
    13  Python                              0x000000010008ad61 PyEval_EvalCode + 54
    14  Python                              0x00000001000a265a Py_CompileString + 78
    15  Python                              0x00000001000a2723 PyRun_FileExFlags + 150
    16  Python                              0x00000001000a423d PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags + 704
    17  Python                              0x00000001000b0286 Py_Main + 2718
    18  Python                              0x0000000100000e6c start + 52
)
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'NSException'
Abort trap

回答1:

This appears to be a bug in Tk. I get the same error with tcl/tk on the mac as well as with python/tkinter. You can bind <Command-e> to a widget (I tried with a text widget) but binding it to the root window or to "all" seems to cause the error you get.

回答2:

With Tkinter, "Control-R" means Ctrl-Shift-R whereas "Control-r" means Ctrl-R. So make sure you're not mixing up uppercase and lowercase.

回答3:

Something like this:

# Status of control, shift and control+shift keys in Python
import tkinter as tk

ctrl = False
shift = False
ctrl_shift = False

def key(event):
    global ctrl, shift, ctrl_shift
    #print(event.keycode, event.keysym, event.state)
    if ctrl_shift:
        print('<Ctrl>+<Shift>+{}'.format(event.keysym))
    elif ctrl:
        print('<Ctrl>+{}'.format(event.keysym))
    elif shift:
        print('<Shift>+{}'.format(event.keysym))
    ctrl = False
    shift = False
    ctrl_shift = False

def control_key(state, event=None):
    ''' Controll button is pressed or released '''
    global ctrl
    ctrl = state

def shift_key(state, event=None):
    ''' Controll button is pressed or released '''
    global shift
    shift = state
    control_shift(state)

def control_shift(state):
    ''' <Ctrl>+<Shift> buttons are pressed or released '''
    global ctrl, ctrl_shift
    if ctrl == True and state == True:
        ctrl_shift = True
    else:
        ctrl_shift = False

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('256x256+0+0')

root.event_add('<<ControlOn>>',  '<KeyPress-Control_L>',   '<KeyPress-Control_R>')
root.event_add('<<ControlOff>>', '<KeyRelease-Control_L>', '<KeyRelease-Control_R>')
root.event_add('<<ShiftOn>>',    '<KeyPress-Shift_L>',     '<KeyPress-Shift_R>')
root.event_add('<<ShiftOff>>',   '<KeyRelease-Shift_L>',   '<KeyRelease-Shift_R>')

root.bind('<<ControlOn>>', lambda e: control_key(True))
root.bind('<<ControlOff>>', lambda e: control_key(False))
root.bind('<<ShiftOn>>', lambda e: shift_key(True))
root.bind('<<ShiftOff>>', lambda e: shift_key(False))
root.bind('<Key>', key)

root.mainloop()