How to handle invalid SSL certificates with Apache

问题:

I know, there are many different questions and so many answers about this problem... But I can\'t understand...

I have: ubuntu-9.10-desktop-amd64 + NetBeans6.7.1 installed \"as is\" from off. rep. I need connecting to some site over the HTTPS. For this I use Apache\'s HttpClient.

From tutorial I read:

\"Once you have JSSE correctly installed, secure HTTP communication over SSL should be as
simple as plain HTTP communication.\" And some example:

HttpClient httpclient = new HttpClient();
GetMethod httpget = new GetMethod(\"https://www.verisign.com/\"); 
try { 
  httpclient.executeMethod(httpget);
  System.out.println(httpget.getStatusLine());
} finally {
  httpget.releaseConnection();
}

By now, I write this:

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

HttpMethod get = new GetMethod(\"https://mms.nw.ru\");
//get.setDoAuthentication(true);

try {
    int status = client.executeMethod(get);
    System.out.println(status);

    BufferedInputStream is = new BufferedInputStream(get.getResponseBodyAsStream());
    int r=0;byte[] buf = new byte[10];
    while((r = is.read(buf)) > 0) {
        System.out.write(buf,0,r);
    }

} catch(Exception ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}

As a result I have a set of errors:

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
        at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1627)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:204)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:198)
        at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:994)
        at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:142)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:533)
        at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:471)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:904)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1132)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.writeRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:643)
        at sun.security.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(AppOutputStream.java:78)
        at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:82)
        at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(BufferedOutputStream.java:140)
        at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnection.flushRequestOutputStream(HttpConnection.java:828)
        at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase.writeRequest(HttpMethodBase.java:2116)
        at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase.execute(HttpMethodBase.java:1096)
        at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodDirector.executeWithRetry(HttpMethodDirector.java:398)
        at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodDirector.executeMethod(HttpMethodDirector.java:171)
        at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient.executeMethod(HttpClient.java:397)
        at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient.executeMethod(HttpClient.java:323)
        at simpleapachehttp.Main.main(Main.java:41)
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
        at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:302)
        at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:205)
        at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:235)
        at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:147)
        at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:230)
        at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:270)
        at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:973)
        ... 17 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
        at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:191)
        at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:255)
        at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:297)
        ... 23 more

What have I to do to create simplest SSL connection? (Probably without KeyManager and Trust manager etc. while.)

回答1:

https://mms.nw.ru uses a self-signed certificate which obviously isn\'t contained in the default set of trust managers.

You\'ll need to one of the following:

• Configure the SSLContext with a TrustManager that accepts any cert (see below)

• Configure the SSLContext with an appropriate trust store that includes your cert

• Add the cert for that site to the default java trust store.

Here is a sample program that creates a (mostly worthless) SSL Context that accepts any cert:

import java.net.URL;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

public class SSLTest {

    public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception {
        // configure the SSLContext with a TrustManager
        SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(\"TLS\");
        ctx.init(new KeyManager[0], new TrustManager[] {new DefaultTrustManager()}, new SecureRandom());
        SSLContext.setDefault(ctx);

        URL url = new URL(\"https://mms.nw.ru\");
        HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
            @Override
            public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
                return true;
            }
        });
        System.out.println(conn.getResponseCode());
        conn.disconnect();
    }

    private static class DefaultTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {

        @Override
        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) throws CertificateException {}

        @Override
        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) throws CertificateException {}

        @Override
        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

回答2:

https://mms.nw.ru likely uses a certificate not issued by a certification authority. Consequently, you need to add the certificate to your trusted Java key store as explained in unable to find valid certification path to requested target:

When working on a client that works with an SSL enabled server running in https protocol, you could get error \'unable to find valid certification path to requested target\' if the server certificate is not issued by certification authority, but a self signed or issued by a private CMS.

Don\'t panic. All you need to do is to add the server certificate to your trusted Java key store if your client is written in Java. You might be wondering how as if you can not access the machine where the server is installed. There is a simple program can help you. Please download the Java program and run

% java InstallCert _web_site_hostname_

This program opened a connection to the specified host and started an SSL handshake. It printed the exception stack trace of the error that occured and shows you the certificates used by the server. Now it prompts you add the certificate to your trusted KeyStore.

If you\'ve changed your mind, enter \'q\'. If you really want to add the certificate, enter \'1\', or other numbers to add other certificates, even a CA certificate, but you usually don\'t want to do that. Once you have made your choice, the program will display the complete certificate and then added it to a Java KeyStore named \'jssecacerts\' in the current directory.

To use it in your program, either configure JSSE to use it as its trust store or copy it into your $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security directory. If you want all Java applications to recognize the certificate as trusted and not just JSSE, you could also overwrite the cacerts file in that directory.

After all that, JSSE will be able to complete a handshake with the host, which you can verify by running the program again.

To get more details, you can check out Leeland\'s blog No more \'unable to find valid certification path to requested target\'

回答3:

In addition to Pascal Thivent\'s correct answer, another way is to save the certificate from Firefox (View Certificate -> Details -> export) or openssl s_client and import it into the trust store.

You should only do this if you have a way to verify that certificate. Failing that, do it the first time you connect, it will at least give you an error if the certificate changes unexpectedly on subsequent connections.

To import it in a trust store, use:

keytool -importcert -keystore truststore.jks -file servercert.pem

By default, the default trust store should be lib/security/cacerts and its password should be changeit, see JSSE Reference guide for details.

If you don\'t want to allow that certificate globally, but only for these connections, it\'s possible to create an SSLContext for it:

TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory
    .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(\"JKS\");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(\"/.../truststore.jks\");
ks.load(fis, null);
// or ks.load(fis, \"thepassword\".toCharArray());
fis.close();

tmf.init(ks);

SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(\"TLS\");
sslContext.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);

Then, you need to set it up for Apache HTTP Client 3.x by implementing one if its SecureProtocolSocketFactory to use this SSLContext. (There are examples here).

Apache HTTP Client 4.x (apart from the earliest version) has direct support for passing an SSLContext.

回答4:

From http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/sslguide.html:

Protocol.registerProtocol(\"https\", 
new Protocol(\"https\", new MySSLSocketFactory(), 443));
HttpClient httpclient = new HttpClient();
GetMethod httpget = new GetMethod(\"https://www.whatever.com/\");
try {
  httpclient.executeMethod(httpget);
      System.out.println(httpget.getStatusLine());
} finally {
      httpget.releaseConnection();
}

Where MySSLSocketFactory example can be found here. It references a TrustManager, which you can modify to trust everything (although you must consider this!)

回答5:

The Apache HttpClient 4.5 way:

org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder sslContextBuilder = SSLContextBuilder.create();
sslContextBuilder.loadTrustMaterial(new org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy());
SSLContext sslContext = sslContextBuilder.build();
org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslSocketFactory =
        new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new org.apache.http.conn.ssl.DefaultHostnameVerifier());

HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory);
httpClient = httpClientBuilder.build();

NOTE: org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder is deprecated and org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder is the new one (notice conn missing from the latter\'s package name).

回答6:

Once you have a Java Cert Store (by using the great InstallCert class created above), you can get java to use it by passing the \"javax.net.ssl.trustStore\" param at java startup.

Ex:

java -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/jssecacerts MyClassName

回答7:

For Apache HttpClient 4.5+ & Java8:

SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom()
        .loadTrustMaterial((chain, authType) -> true).build();

SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory =
        new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new String[]
        {\"SSLv2Hello\", \"SSLv3\", \"TLSv1\",\"TLSv1.1\", \"TLSv1.2\" }, null,
        NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
        .setSSLSocketFactory(sslConnectionSocketFactory)
        .build();

But if your HttpClient use a ConnectionManager for seeking connection, e.g. like this:

 PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new 
         PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();

 CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
            .setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
            .build();

The HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslConnectionSocketFactory) has no effect, the problem is not resolved.

Because that the HttpClient use the specified connectionManager for seeking connection and the specified connectionManager haven\'t register our customized SSLConnectionSocketFactory. To resolve this, should register the The customized SSLConnectionSocketFactory in the connectionManager. The correct code should like this:

PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new 
    PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(RegistryBuilder.
                <ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
      .register(\"http\",PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
      .register(\"https\", sslConnectionSocketFactory).build());

CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
            .setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
            .build();

回答8:

Another issue you may run into with self signed test certs is this:

java.io.IOException: HTTPS hostname wrong: should be ...

This error occurs when you are trying to access a HTTPS url. You might have already installed the server certificate to your JRE\'s keystore. But this error means that the name of the server certificate does not match with the actual domain name of the server that is mentioned in the URL. This normally happens when you are using a non CA issued certificate.

This example shows how to write a HttpsURLConnection DefaultHostnameVerifier that ignore the certificates server name:

http://www.java-samples.com/showtutorial.php?tutorialid=211

回答9:

For a way to easily add hosts you trust at runtime without throwing out all checks, try the code here: http://code.google.com/p/self-signed-cert-trust-manager/.

回答10:

EasySSLProtocolSocketFactory was giving me problems so I ended up implementing my own ProtocolSocketFactory.

First you need to register it:

Protocol.registerProtocol(\"https\", new Protocol(\"https\", new TrustAllSSLSocketFactory(), 443));

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
...

Then implement ProtocolSocketFactory:

class TrustAllSSLSocketFactory implements ProtocolSocketFactory {

    public static final TrustManager[] TRUST_ALL_CERTS = new TrustManager[]{
        new X509TrustManager() {
            public void checkClientTrusted(final X509Certificate[] certs, final String authType) {

            }

            public void checkServerTrusted(final X509Certificate[] certs, final String authType) {

            }

            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                return null;
            }
        }
    };

    private TrustManager[] getTrustManager() {
        return TRUST_ALL_CERTS;
    }

    public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port, final InetAddress clientHost,
                               final int clientPort) throws IOException {
        return getSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port, clientHost, clientPort);
    }

    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port, final InetAddress localAddress,
                               final int localPort, final HttpConnectionParams params) throws IOException {
        return createSocket(host, port);
    }

    public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port) throws IOException {
        return getSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port);
    }

    private SocketFactory getSocketFactory() throws UnknownHostException {
        TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = getTrustManager();

        try {
            SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance(\"SSL\");
            context.init(null, trustAllCerts, new SecureRandom());

            final SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = context.getSocketFactory();
            HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(socketFactory);
            return socketFactory;
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyManagementException exception) {
            throw new UnknownHostException(exception.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

Note: This is with HttpClient 3.1 and Java 8

回答11:

This link explains the requirement you have step by step. If You are not really concerned which certificate you can proceed with the process in below link.

Note You might want to double check what you are doing since, this is a unsafe operation.

回答12:

Using the InstallCert to generate the jssecacerts file and do -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/jssecacerts worked great.

回答13:

I\'m useing httpclient 3.1.X ,and this works for me

        try {
        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(\"TLS\");
        TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
            @Override
            public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
            }

            @Override
            public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {

            }

            @Override
            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                return null;
            }
        };
        sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{trustManager}, null);
        SslContextSecureProtocolSocketFactory socketFactory = new SslContextSecureProtocolSocketFactory(sslContext,false);
        Protocol.registerProtocol(\"https\", new Protocol(\"https\", (ProtocolSocketFactory) socketFactory, 443));//同样会影响到HttpUtils
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        e.printStackTrace();

}

public class SslContextSecureProtocolSocketFactory implements      SecureProtocolSocketFactory {

private SSLContext sslContext;
private boolean verifyHostname;

public SslContextSecureProtocolSocketFactory(SSLContext sslContext, boolean verifyHostname) {
    this.verifyHostname = true;
    this.sslContext = sslContext;
    this.verifyHostname = verifyHostname;
}

public SslContextSecureProtocolSocketFactory(SSLContext sslContext) {
    this(sslContext, true);
}

public SslContextSecureProtocolSocketFactory(boolean verifyHostname) {
    this((SSLContext)null, verifyHostname);
}

public SslContextSecureProtocolSocketFactory() {
    this((SSLContext)null, true);
}

public synchronized void setHostnameVerification(boolean verifyHostname) {
    this.verifyHostname = verifyHostname;
}

public synchronized boolean getHostnameVerification() {
    return this.verifyHostname;
}

public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress clientHost, int clientPort) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
    SSLSocketFactory sf = this.getSslSocketFactory();
    SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket)sf.createSocket(host, port, clientHost, clientPort);
    this.verifyHostname(sslSocket);
    return sslSocket;
}

public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddress, int localPort, HttpConnectionParams params) throws IOException, UnknownHostException, ConnectTimeoutException {
    if(params == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Parameters may not be null\");
    } else {
        int timeout = params.getConnectionTimeout();
        Socket socket = null;
        SSLSocketFactory socketfactory = this.getSslSocketFactory();
        if(timeout == 0) {
            socket = socketfactory.createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
        } else {
            socket = socketfactory.createSocket();
            InetSocketAddress localaddr = new InetSocketAddress(localAddress, localPort);
            InetSocketAddress remoteaddr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
            socket.bind(localaddr);
            socket.connect(remoteaddr, timeout);
        }

        this.verifyHostname((SSLSocket)socket);
        return socket;
    }
}

public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
    SSLSocketFactory sf = this.getSslSocketFactory();
    SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket)sf.createSocket(host, port);
    this.verifyHostname(sslSocket);
    return sslSocket;
}

public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port, boolean autoClose) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
    SSLSocketFactory sf = this.getSslSocketFactory();
    SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket)sf.createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose);
    this.verifyHostname(sslSocket);
    return sslSocket;
}

private void verifyHostname(SSLSocket socket) throws SSLPeerUnverifiedException, UnknownHostException {
    synchronized(this) {
        if(!this.verifyHostname) {
            return;
        }
    }

    SSLSession session = socket.getSession();
    String hostname = session.getPeerHost();

    try {
        InetAddress.getByName(hostname);
    } catch (UnknownHostException var10) {
        throw new UnknownHostException(\"Could not resolve SSL sessions server hostname: \" + hostname);
    }

    X509Certificate[] certs = (X509Certificate[])((X509Certificate[])session.getPeerCertificates());
    if(certs != null && certs.length != 0) {
        X500Principal subjectDN = certs[0].getSubjectX500Principal();
        List cns = this.getCNs(subjectDN);
        boolean foundHostName = false;
        Iterator i$ = cns.iterator();
        AntPathMatcher matcher  = new AntPathMatcher();
        while(i$.hasNext()) {
            String cn = (String)i$.next();
            if(matcher.match(cn.toLowerCase(),hostname.toLowerCase())) {
                foundHostName = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if(!foundHostName) {
            throw new SSLPeerUnverifiedException(\"HTTPS hostname invalid: expected \\\'\" + hostname + \"\\\', received \\\'\" + cns + \"\\\'\");
        }
    } else {
        throw new SSLPeerUnverifiedException(\"No server certificates found!\");
    }
}

private List<String> getCNs(X500Principal subjectDN) {
    ArrayList cns = new ArrayList();
    StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(subjectDN.getName(), \",\");

    while(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
        String cnField = st.nextToken();
        if(cnField.startsWith(\"CN=\")) {
            cns.add(cnField.substring(3));
        }
    }

    return cns;
}

protected SSLSocketFactory getSslSocketFactory() {
    SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = null;
    synchronized(this) {
        if(this.sslContext != null) {
            sslSocketFactory = this.sslContext.getSocketFactory();
        }
    }

    if(sslSocketFactory == null) {
        sslSocketFactory = (SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
    }

    return sslSocketFactory;
}

public synchronized void setSSLContext(SSLContext sslContext) {
    this.sslContext = sslContext;
}

}

回答14:

For HttpClient, we can do this :

SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(\"TLS\");
        ctx.init(new KeyManager[0], new TrustManager[] {new DefaultTrustManager()}, new SecureRandom());
        SSLContext.setDefault(ctx);

        String uri = new StringBuilder(\"url\").toString();

        HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() {
            @Override
            public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
                return true;
            }
        };

        HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().setSSLContext(ctx)
                .setSSLHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier).build()

回答15:

follow the instruction given below for Java 1.7, to create an SSL certificate using InstallCert.java program file.

https://github.com/escline/InstallCert

you must restart the tomcat