git diff tmp file invalid on windows when using ex

问题:

I'm following the docs from the Git configuration page and trying to apply this to my Windows 7 environment. When I run say, "git diff file0" I get an error in P4Merge:

Errors: '/tmp/cH9ccM_file0' is (or points to) an invalid file.

This is a true statement. I do not have a directory called "/tmp". I've checked in C:\tmp, C:\cygwin\tmp, and %PROGRAMFILES%\Git\tmp.

Any ideas on how to change this directory to something I do have?

EDIT:

Additional info. Ultimately, I'm trying to get WinMerge (or any external program) to work. I chose to use P4Merge earlier, because I couldn't get WinMerge to work, so I decided to go with the program that was used in the aforementioned article.

Below is the relevant part of my .gitconfig:

[merge]
tool = extMerge
[mergetool "extMerge"]
cmd = extMerge \"$BASE\" \"$LOCAL\" \"$REMOTE\" \"$MERGED\"
trustExitCode = false
[diff]
external = extDiff

extDiff script:

#!/usr/bin/sh
# extDiff
# Wrapper for using an external diff tool in Git
echo "File 1: $2"
echo "File 2: $5"
/usr/local/bin/extMerge "$2" "$5"

extMerge script:

#!/usr/bin/sh
echo $*
/c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe $*

So if I change a file called index.html, and run git diff, this is the result:

File 1: /tmp/XfGpOC_index.html
File 2: index.html

回答1:

I assume you're using Cygwin... I think the problem is that for Cygwin, /tmp exists, but for Windows, it doesn't (it's somewhere else). For me, Cygwin's /tmp is located in $HOME/AppData/cygwin/tmp and that's where the file was. This might be different depending on how you installed Cygwin. Once you find Cygwin's /tmp, it's just a matter of finding a good environment variable (or creating a new one, if you need) to get a Windows path to the temp file. This worked for me:

[diff]
   tool = p4mergeTool
[difftool "p4mergeTool"]
   cmd = p4merge.exe $HOMEPATH/AppData/cygwin$LOCAL $REMOTE

I used HOMEPATH instead of HOME, because (it appears) HOMEPATH is the Windows HOME environment variable (\Users\myusername), while HOME is the cygwin HOME environment variable (/cygdrive/c/Users/myusername). From Cygwin, type printenv to see which environment variables might be a good fit.

回答2:

The correct solution would be using Cygwin's cygpath tool to convert path formats:

[difftool "p4merge"]
    cmd = p4merge \"$(cygpath -w \"$LOCAL\")\" \"$(cygpath -w \"$REMOTE\")\"

The same goes for mergetool:

[mergetool "p4merge"]
    keepBackup = false
    trustExitCode = true
    cmd = p4merge \"$(cygpath -w \"$BASE\")\" \"$(cygpath -w \"$LOCAL\")\" \"$(cygpath -w \"$REMOTE\")\" \"$(cygpath -w \"$MERGED\")\"

Please note that this solution (as well as the question, actually) applies only to Cygwin environment. I've never had Git Bash exhibit the same problem and don't know if it has a utility similar tocygpath.

UPDATE: Unfortunately, the cygpath utility does a poor job converting /dev/null to its Windows equivalent. It will return the invalid \\.\NUL path, and so diffing new files will fail. I'll issue another update with the workaround, as soon as I find it.

回答3:

Looks like a mistake in your gitconfig. Have you seen this Stackoverflow question?

I blogged about setting up P4Merge ages ago before git started supporting it directly but it still works if you are stuck: http://danlimerick.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/git-for-window-tip-use-p4merge-as-mergetool/

EDIT: To be more explicit, it is the escaping that is your problem. In my .gitconfig file for P4Merge it looks like this:

cmd = p4merge.exe /\"$BASE/\" /\"$LOCAL/\" /\"$REMOTE/\" /\"$MERGED/\"

So try this:

cmd = extMerge /\"$BASE/\" /\"$LOCAL/\" /\"$REMOTE/\" /\"$MERGED/\"

There is a difference with escaping if you set it from the command line or make the change directly in your .gitconfig file.