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问题:
THE PROBLEM: I need a XML file "full encoded" by UTF8; that is, with no entity representing symbols, all symbols enconded by UTF8, except the only 3 ones that are XML-reserved, "&" (amp), "<" (lt) and ">" (gt). And, I need a build-in function that do it fast: to transform entities into real UTF8 characters (without corrupting my XML).
PS: it is a "real world problem" (!); at PMC/journals, for example, have 2.8 MILLION of scientific articles enconded with a special XML DTD (knowed also as JATS format)... To process as "usual XML-UTF8-text" we need to change from numeric entity to UTF8 char.
THE ATTEMPTED SOLUTION: the natural function to this task is html_entity_decode, but it destroys the XML code (!), transforming the reserved 3 XML-reserved symbols.
Illustrating the problem
Suppose
$xmlFrag ='<p>Hello world!    Let A<B and A=∬dxdy</p>';
Where the entities 160 (nbsp) and x222C (double integral) must be transformed into UTF8, and the XML-reserved lt not. The XML text will be (after transformed),
$xmlFrag = '<p>Hello world! Let A<B and A=∬dxdy</p>';
The text "A<B" needs an XML-reserved character, so MUST stay as A<B.
Frustrated solutions
I try to use html_entity_decode for solve (directly!) the problem... So, I updated my PHP to v5.5 to try to use the ENT_XML1 option,
$s = html_entity_decode($xmlFrag, ENT_XML1, 'UTF-8'); // not working
// as I expected
Perhaps another question is, "WHY there are no other option to do what I expected?" -- it is important for many other XML applications (!), not only for me.
I not need a workaround as answer... Ok, I show my ugly function, perhaps it helps you to understand the problem,
function xml_entity_decode($s) {
// here an illustration (by user-defined function)
// about how the hypothetical PHP-build-in-function MUST work
static $XENTITIES = array('&','>','<');
static $XSAFENTITIES = array('#_x_amp#;','#_x_gt#;','#_x_lt#;');
$s = str_replace($XENTITIES,$XSAFENTITIES,$s);
//$s = html_entity_decode($s, ENT_NOQUOTES, 'UTF-8'); // any php version
$s = html_entity_decode($s, ENT_HTML5|ENT_NOQUOTES, 'UTF-8'); // PHP 5.3+
$s = str_replace($XSAFENTITIES,$XENTITIES,$s);
return $s;
} // you see? not need a benchmark:
// it is not so fast as direct use of html_entity_decode; if there
// was an XML-safe option was ideal.
PS: corrected after this answer. Must be ENT_HTML5 flag, for convert really all named entities.
回答1:
This question is creating, time-by-time, a "false answer" (see answers). This is perhaps because people not pay attention, and because there are NO ANSWER: there are a lack of PHP build-in solution.
... So, lets repeat my workaround (that is NOT an answer!) to not create more confusion:
The best workaround
Pay attention:
- The function
xml_entity_decode() below is the best (over any other) workaround.
- The function below is not an answer to the present question, it is only a workwaround.
function xml_entity_decode($s) {
// illustrating how a (hypothetical) PHP-build-in-function MUST work
static $XENTITIES = array('&','>','<');
static $XSAFENTITIES = array('#_x_amp#;','#_x_gt#;','#_x_lt#;');
$s = str_replace($XENTITIES,$XSAFENTITIES,$s);
$s = html_entity_decode($s, ENT_HTML5|ENT_NOQUOTES, 'UTF-8'); // PHP 5.3+
$s = str_replace($XSAFENTITIES,$XENTITIES,$s);
return $s;
}
To test and to demonstrate that you have a better solution, please test first with this simple benckmark:
$countBchMk_MAX=1000;
$xml = file_get_contents('sample1.xml'); // BIG and complex XML string
$start_time = microtime(TRUE);
for($countBchMk=0; $countBchMk<$countBchMk_MAX; $countBchMk++){
$A = xml_entity_decode($xml); // 0.0002
/* 0.0014
$doc = new DOMDocument;
$doc->loadXML($xml, LIBXML_DTDLOAD | LIBXML_NOENT);
$doc->encoding = 'UTF-8';
$A = $doc->saveXML();
*/
}
$end_time = microtime(TRUE);
echo "\n<h1>END $countBchMk_MAX BENCKMARKs WITH ",
($end_time - $start_time)/$countBchMk_MAX,
" seconds</h1>";
回答2:
Use the DTD when loading the JATS XML document, as it will define any mapping from named entities to Unicode characters, then set the encoding to UTF-8 when saving:
$doc = new DOMDocument;
$doc->load($inputFile, LIBXML_DTDLOAD | LIBXML_NOENT);
$doc->encoding = 'UTF-8';
$doc->save($outputFile);
回答3:
public function entity_decode($str, $charset = NULL)
{
if (strpos($str, '&') === FALSE)
{
return $str;
}
static $_entities;
isset($charset) OR $charset = $this->charset;
$flag = is_php('5.4')
? ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML5
: ENT_COMPAT;
do
{
$str_compare = $str;
// Decode standard entities, avoiding false positives
if ($c = preg_match_all('/&[a-z]{2,}(?![a-z;])/i', $str, $matches))
{
if ( ! isset($_entities))
{
$_entities = array_map('strtolower', get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES, $flag, $charset));
// If we're not on PHP 5.4+, add the possibly dangerous HTML 5
// entities to the array manually
if ($flag === ENT_COMPAT)
{
$_entities[':'] = ':';
$_entities['('] = '(';
$_entities[')'] = '&rpar';
$_entities["\n"] = '&newline;';
$_entities["\t"] = '&tab;';
}
}
$replace = array();
$matches = array_unique(array_map('strtolower', $matches[0]));
for ($i = 0; $i < $c; $i++)
{
if (($char = array_search($matches[$i].';', $_entities, TRUE)) !== FALSE)
{
$replace[$matches[$i]] = $char;
}
}
$str = str_ireplace(array_keys($replace), array_values($replace), $str);
}
// Decode numeric & UTF16 two byte entities
$str = html_entity_decode(
preg_replace('/(&#(?:x0*[0-9a-f]{2,5}(?![0-9a-f;]))|(?:0*\d{2,4}(?![0-9;])))/iS', '$1;', $str),
$flag,
$charset
);
}
while ($str_compare !== $str);
return $str;
}
回答4:
I had the same problem because someone used HTML templates to create XML, instead of using SimpleXML. sigh... Anyway, I came up with the following. It's not as fast as yours, but it's not an order of magnitude slower, and it is less hacky. Yours will inadvertently convert #_x_amp#; to $amp;, however unlikely its presence in the source XML.
Note: I'm assuming default encoding is UTF-8
// Search for named entities (strings like "&abc1;").
echo preg_replace_callback('#&[A-Z0-9]+;#i', function ($matches) {
// Decode the entity and re-encode as XML entities. This means "&"
// will remain "&" whereas "€" becomes "€".
return htmlentities(html_entity_decode($matches[0]), ENT_XML1);
}, "<Foo>€&foo Ç</Foo>") . "\n";
/* <Foo>€&foo Ç</Foo> */
Also, if you want to replace special characters with numbered entities (in case you don't want a UTF-8 XML), you can easily add a function to the above code:
// Search for named entities (strings like "&abc1;").
$xml_utf8 = preg_replace_callback('#&[A-Z0-9]+;#i', function ($matches) {
// Decode the entity and re-encode as XML entities. This means "&"
// will remain "&" whereas "€" becomes "€".
return htmlentities(html_entity_decode($matches[0]), ENT_XML1);
}, "<Foo>€&foo Ç</Foo>") . "\n";
echo mb_encode_numericentity($xml_utf8, [0x80, 0xffff, 0, 0xffff]);
/* <Foo>€&foo Ç</Foo> */
In your case you want it the other way around. Encode numbered entities as UTF-8:
// Search for named entities (strings like "&abc1;").
$xml_utf8 = preg_replace_callback('#&[A-Z0-9]+;#i', function ($matches) {
// Decode the entity and re-encode as XML entities. This means "&"
// will remain "&" whereas "€" becomes "€".
return htmlentities(html_entity_decode($matches[0]), ENT_XML1);
}, "<Foo>€&foo Ç</Foo>") . "\n";
// Encodes (uncaught) numbered entities to UTF-8.
echo mb_decode_numericentity($xml_utf8, [0x80, 0xffff, 0, 0xffff]);
/* <Foo>€&foo Ç</Foo> */
Benchmark
I've added a benchmark for good measure. This also demonstrates the flaw in your solution for clarity. Below is the input string I used.
<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#; ∬</Foo>
Your method
php -r '$q=["&",">","<"];$y=["#_x_amp#;","#_x_gt#;","#_x_lt#;"]; $s=microtime(1); for(;++$i<1000000;)$r=str_replace($y,$q,html_entity_decode(str_replace($q,$y,"<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#; ∬</Foo>"),ENT_HTML5|ENT_NOQUOTES)); $t=microtime(1)-$s; echo"$r\n=====\nTime taken: $t\n";'
<Foo>€&foo Ç é & ∬</Foo>
=====
Time taken: 2.0397531986237
My method
php -r '$s=microtime(1); for(;++$i<1000000;)$r=preg_replace_callback("#&[A-Z0-9]+;#i",function($m){return htmlentities(html_entity_decode($m[0]),ENT_XML1);},"<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#; ∬</Foo>"); $t=microtime(1)-$s; echo"$r\n=====\nTime taken: $t\n";'
<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#; ∬</Foo>
=====
Time taken: 4.045273065567
My method (with unicode to numbered entity):
php -r '$s=microtime(1); for(;++$i<1000000;)$r=mb_encode_numericentity(preg_replace_callback("#&[A-Z0-9]+;#i",function($m){return htmlentities(html_entity_decode($m[0]),ENT_XML1);},"<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#; ∬</Foo>"),[0x80,0xffff,0,0xffff]); $t=microtime(1)-$s; echo"$r\n=====\nTime taken: $t\n";'
<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#; ∬</Foo>
=====
Time taken: 5.4407880306244
My method (with numbered entity to unicode):
php -r '$s=microtime(1); for(;++$i<1000000;)$r=mb_decode_numericentity(preg_replace_callback("#&[A-Z0-9]+;#i",function($m){return htmlentities(html_entity_decode($m[0]),ENT_XML1);},"<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#;</Foo>"),[0x80,0xffff,0,0xffff]); $t=microtime(1)-$s; echo"$r\n=====\nTime taken: $t\n";'
<Foo>€&foo Ç é #_x_amp#; ∬</Foo>
=====
Time taken: 5.5400078296661
回答5:
Try this function:
function xmlsafe($s,$intoQuotes=1) {
if ($intoQuotes)
return str_replace(array('&','>','<','"'), array('&','>','<','"'), $s);
else
return str_replace(array('&','>','<'), array('&','>','<'), html_entity_decode($s));
}
example usage:
echo '<k nid="'.$node->nid.'" description="'.xmlsafe($description).'"/>';
also: https://stackoverflow.com/a/9446666/2312709
this code used in production seem that no problems happened with UTF-8
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