Extending a Scala collection

问题:

I want a Map that throws on attempt to overwrite a value for existing key. I tried:

trait Unoverwriteable[A, B] extends scala.collection.Map[A, B] {
    case class KeyAlreadyExistsException(e: String) extends Exception(e)

    abstract override def + [B1 >: B] (kv: (A, B1)): Unoverwriteable[A, B1] = {
        if (this contains(kv _1)) throw new KeyAlreadyExistsException(
            "key already exists in WritableOnce map: %s".format((kv _1) toString)
        )
        super.+(kv)
    }

    abstract override def get(key: A): Option[B] = super.get(key)
    abstract override def iterator: Iterator[(A, B)] = super.iterator
    abstract override def -(key: A): Unoverwriteable[A, B] = super.-(key)
}

and got:

<console>:11: error: type mismatch;
 found   : scala.collection.Map[A,B1]
 required: Unoverwirteable[A,B1]
               super.+(kv)
                      ^
<console>:16: error: type mismatch;
 found   : scala.collection.Map[A,B]
 required: Unoverwirteable[A,B]
           abstract override def -(key: A): Unoverwirteable[A, B] = super.-(key)
                                                                           ^

I'm quite new to Scala and can't figure out a way to overcome this. Any help? :)

edit: I'm using Scala 2.8.0.Beta1-prerelease (which brings some changes to scala.collection)

回答1:

This fixed your compile error:

trait Unoverwriteable[A, B] extends scala.collection.Map[A, B] {
    case class KeyAlreadyExistsException(e: String) extends Exception(e)

    abstract override def + [B1 >: B] (kv: (A, B1)): scala.collection.Map[A, B1] = {
        if (this contains(kv _1)) throw new KeyAlreadyExistsException(
            "key already exists in WritableOnce map: %s".format((kv _1) toString)
        )
        super.+[B1](kv)
    }

    abstract override def get(key: A): Option[B] = super.get(key)
    abstract override def iterator: Iterator[(A, B)] = super.iterator
    abstract override def -(key: A): scala.collection.Map[A, B] = super.-(key)
}

However, I think you really want to decorate the collection.mutable.Map#+=, as follows:

trait Unoverwriteable[A, B] extends collection.mutable.Map[A, B] {
  case class KeyAlreadyExistsException(e: String) extends Exception(e)

  abstract override def +=(kv: (A, B)): this.type = {
    if (this contains (kv _1))
      throw new KeyAlreadyExistsException("key already exists in WritableOnce map: %s".format((kv _1) toString))
    super.+=(kv)
  }
}

回答2:

As you are overriding methods in Map, you can't define your trait as the return type.

The easiest solution is to just omit the types:

abstract override def + [B1 >: B] (kv: (A, B1)) = { /* ... */ }
// ...
abstract override def -(key: A) = super.-(key)

Or you could be explicit and add the super type:

import scala.collection.Map
abstract override def +[B1 >: B] (kv: (A, B1)): Map[A, B1] = { /* ... */ }
// ...
abstract override def -(key: A) = super.-(key): Map[A, B]

I think you would only have to override + though, as your other methods only delegate to Map.

回答3:

You can do it using a scala.collection.immutable.Map with a little implicit magic. That is, you define one additional method in the interface and an implicit conversion. Here's how I would do it in 2.7, I'm sure there's different methods to override in 2.8, but you should get the general idea.

trait Unoverwriteable[A, B] extends scala.collection.immutable.Map[A, B] {
    import Unoverwriteable.unoverwriteableMap

    case class KeyAlreadyExistsException(e: String) extends Exception(e)

    def underlying: scala.collection.immutable.Map[A, B]

    def update [B1 >: B] (key: A, value: B1): Unoverwriteable[A, B1] = {
        if (this contains(key)) throw new KeyAlreadyExistsException(
            "key already exists in WritableOnce map: %s".format(key.toString)
        )
        underlying update (key, value)
    }

    def get(key: A): Option[B] = underlying get key 
    def elements: Iterator[(A, B)] = underlying.elements
    def -(key: A): Unoverwriteable[A,B] = underlying - key
    def empty[C]: Unoverwriteable[A,C] = underlying.empty[C]
    def size: Int = underlying.size
}

Then you define the implicit in the companion object:

object Unoverwriteable {
   implicit def unoverwriteableMap[A, B](map0: scala.collection.immutable.Map[A, B]): Unoverwriteable[A, B] =
      new Unoverwriteable[A, B] { def underlying = map0 }

}

To use it add an Unwriteable type annotation to your map. If you uncomment the last 2 lines in the main method, you get a KeyAlreadyExistsException as desired.

object UOMain {
   def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
      val map0 = Map((1 -> 1), (2 -> 2)): Unoverwriteable[Int, Int]
      println("map0="+ map0)

      val map1 = map0 - 2
      println("map1="+ map1)

      //val map2 = map1 + (1 -> 1000)
      //println("map2" + map2)
   }
}