Haskell - What makes 'main' unique?

问题:

With this code:

main :: FilePath -> FilePath -> IO ()
main wrPath rdPath = do x <- readFile rdPath
                        writeFile wrPath x

I got the following error:

Couldn't match expected type 'IO t0'
            with actual type 'FilePath -> FilePath -> IO()

But the file compiles correctly when I change the name of 'main' to something else.

What's so unique about main and why does its type have to be IO t0?

回答1:

Because the language spec says so.

A Haskell program is a collection of modules, one of which, by convention, must be called Main and must export the value main. The value of the program is the value of the identifier main in module Main, which must be a computation of type IO t for some type t (see Chapter 7). When the program is executed, the computation main is performed, and its result (of type t) is discarded.

回答2:

As GolezTrol said, all programs need to know which symbol to start executing when the function is invoked. Many scripting languages don't require (or just don't need) a main routine as they can have statements placed on the top level. This is not the case for Haskell, C and many others - these languages need a starting location and by convention that is the main function (as per the Haskell spec - see Cat's answer).

Notice Haskell's main does not accept any parameters that correspond to the program arguments - these are obtained via System.Environment.getArgs.

回答3:

As in C, Java, or C#, main is a special identifier in certain contexts that indicates where the program should start.

In Haskell, main is defined to have the type IO a. You should either give your function a different name, or if you really want it to be the starting point, change its signature and have it read the arguments from the command line with getArgs

Although you didn't ask it specifically, main is also special in that it is the only function in a Haskell program that can (safely) invoke IO actions. The Haskell runtime treats main as special.

回答4:

By definition, main is a function that takes no arguments and returns a value of type IO a that is discarded by the runtime. What your error message is saying is that your main does not comply with these requirements. This is indeed true, as your main receives two parameters.

In order to access command line parameters, use System.Environment.getArgs.