How do I get the raw representation of a string in

问题:

I am making a class that relies heavily on regular expressions.

Let's say my class looks like this:

class Example:
    def __init__(self, regex):
        self.regex = regex

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Example({})'.format(repr(self.regex.pattern))

And let's say I use it like this:

import re

example = Example(re.compile(r'\d+'))

If I do repr(example), I get 'Example('\\\\d+')', but I want 'Example(r'\\d+')'. Take into account the extra backslash where that upon printing, it appears correctly. I suppose I could implement it to return "r'{}'".format(regex.pattern), but that doesn't sit well with me. In the unlikely event that the Python Software Foundation someday changes the manner for specifying raw string literals, my code won't reflect that. That's hypothetical, though. My main concern is whether or not this always works. I can't think of an edge case off the top of my head, though. Is there a more formal way of doing this?

EDIT: Nothing seems to appear in the Format Specification Mini-Language, the printf-style String Formatting guide, or the string module.

回答1:

The problem with rawstring representation is, that you cannot represent everything in a portable (i.e. without using control characters) manner. For example, if you had a linebreak in your string, you had to literally break the string to the next line, because it cannot be represented as rawstring.

That said, the actual way to get rawstring representation is what you already gave:

"r'{}'".format(regex.pattern)

The definition of rawstrings is that there are no rules applied except that they end at the quotation character they start with and that you can escape said quotation character using a backslash. Thus, for example, you cannot store the equivalent of a string like "\" in raw string representation (r"\" yields SyntaxError and r"\\" yields "\\\\").

If you really want to do this, you should use a wrapper like:

def rawstr(s):
    """
    Return the raw string representation (using r'') literals of the string
    *s* if it is available. If any invalid characters are encountered (or a
    string which cannot be represented as a rawstr), the default repr() result
    is returned.
    """
    if any(0 <= ord(ch) < 32 for ch in s):
        return repr(s)

    if (len(s) - len(s.rstrip("\\"))) % 2 == 1:
        return repr(s)

    pattern = "r'{0}'"
    if '"' in s:
        if "'" in s:
            return repr(s)
    elif "'" in s:
        pattern = 'r"{0}"'

    return pattern.format(s)

Tests:

>>> test1 = "\\"
>>> test2 = "foobar \n"
>>> test3 = r"a \valid rawstring"
>>> test4 = "foo \\\\\\"
>>> test5 = r"foo \\"
>>> test6 = r"'"
>>> test7 = r'"'
>>> print(rawstr(test1))
'\\'
>>> print(rawstr(test2))
'foobar \n'
>>> print(rawstr(test3))
r'a \valid rawstring'
>>> print(rawstr(test4))
'foo \\\\\\'
>>> print(rawstr(test5))
r'foo \\'
>>> print(rawstr(test6))
r"'"
>>> print(rawstr(test7))
r'"'