How to delete data from multiple tables?

问题:

I have these tables:

event     (evt_id, evt_code, reg_id)

magnitude (mag_id, evt_id, value)

trace     (trace_id, pt_id)

point     (pt_id, evt_id)

I want to delete all rows from all tables related to evt_id=1139.
How do I do it?

回答1:

If you have control over your schema, I would make the schema use cascading deletes.

From the article (the more pertinent portion translated for your example)

CREATE TABLE point
(
    pt_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
    evt_id integer REFERENCES event ON DELETE CASCADE
)

If you have cascades set up, then you can just delete from the main event table and all the other tables will be cleaned up automatically

Otherwise, you need to delete all of the references first, then you delete the main table. You should do this in one transaction to keep data consistent

BEGIN;
DELETE FROM trace WHERE EXISTS 
    (SELECT 1 FROM point WHERE evt_id = 1139 AND trace.pt_id = point.pt_id);
DELETE FROM point where evt_id = 1139;
DELETE FROM magnitude where evt_id = 1139;
DELETE FROM event where evt_id = 1139;
COMMIT;

回答2:

The only non-trivial element in your question are deletes from the table trace. I guess it is safe to assume trace.pt_id is referencing point.pt_id?

Either you define a foreign key with ON DELETE CASCADE and just forget about the table trace (as already pointed out by @kevin) or you have to take care of depending rows manually.

Since PostgreSQL 9.1 you can use data-modifying CTEs:

BEGIN;

WITH x AS (
    DELETE FROM point WHERE evt_id = 1139
    RETURNING pt_id
    )
DELETE FROM trace
USING x
WHERE trace.pt_id = x.pt_id;

DELETE FROM magnitude WHERE evt_id = 1139;

DELETE FROM event WHERE evt_id = 1139;

COMMIT;

The RETURNING clause of the DELETE FROM point returns all affected pt_id - those are in turn used to delete all corresponding rows from trace.

You did not mention whether concurrency is a problem in your case. If it is, and if you want to avoid possible results in the short time window in between deletes where rows for evt_id = 1139 are present in one table while already deleted from another, wrap it all into a transaction.
If that is no concern to you, ignore BEGIN and COMMIT.

To avoid deadlocks always use the same sequence of delete statements (in all concurrent transactions). This avoids situations where one transaction would start deleting in one table, the next in the other table and then each would wait for the other.

回答3:

If the rows you want to delete can be envisioned as a hierarchy, you could define FOREIGN KEY constraints for the relationships with the ON DELETE CASCADE clause. Deleting the row at the top will then cascade down and delete them all.

http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK

回答4:

I assume that the id's in the different tables correspond and are used for linking. I also assume you want to delete all the trace points allthough they are only indirectly linked to evt_id

You can delete your records from all tables as follows:

DELETE event , magnitude, trace, point
FROM event left join magnitude on event.evt_id = magnitude.evt_id
   left join point on event.evt_id = point.evt_id
       left join trace on point.pt_id = trace.trace_id
where event_id=1139

回答5:

$delete =  1139;
$query = "DELETE FROM event, magnitude, point WHERE evt_id = '$delete'";
mysql_query($query, $con);
$query = "DELETE FROM trace WHERE pt_id = '$delete'";

or just paste that statement into an .sql file and run it, or into your sql software query window, or place it in a .php file and run on the server.