Binary file email attachment problem

问题:

Using Python 3.1.2 I am having a problem sending binary attachment files (jpeg, pdf, etc.) - MIMEText attachments work fine. The code in question is as follows...

for file in self.attachments:
   part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
   part.set_payload(open(file,"rb").read())
   encoders.encode_base64(part)
   part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' % file)
   msg.attach(part)   # msg is an instance of MIMEMultipart()

server = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
server.login(username, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, all_recipients, msg.as_string())

However, way down in the calling-stack (see traceback below), it looks as though msg.as_string() has received an attachment which creates a payload of 'bytes' type instead of string.

Has anyone any idea what might be causing the problem? Any help would be appreciated.

Alan

---

builtins.TypeError: string payload expected: <class 'bytes'>
File "c:\Dev\CommonPY\Scripts\email_send.py", line 147, in send
  server.sendmail(self.from_addr, all_recipients, msg.as_string())
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\message.py", line 136, in as_string
  g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 76, in flatten
  self._write(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 101, in _write
  self._dispatch(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 127, in _dispatch
  meth(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 181, in _handle_multipart
  g.flatten(part, unixfrom=False)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 76, in flatten
  self._write(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 101, in _write
  self._dispatch(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 127, in _dispatch
  meth(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 155, in _handle_text
  raise TypeError('string payload expected: %s' % type(payload))

回答1:

solution from this SO answer

from base64 import encodebytes
for file in self.attachments:
    fp = open(file, 'rb')
    part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
    part.set_payload(encodebytes(fp.read()).decode())
    fp.close()
    part.add_header('Content-Transfer-Encoding', 'base64')
    part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' % file)
    msg.attach(part)   # msg is an instance of MIMEMultipart()

server = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
server.login(username, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, all_recipients, msg.as_string())

回答2:

Ok - after much frustration and web-searching, I have found that the problem is a known bug that applies to Python 3.x, encoders.py, function encode_base64, which should read as follows...

def encode_base64(msg):
    """Encode the message's payload in Base64.

    Also, add an appropriate Content-Transfer-Encoding header.
    """
    orig = msg.get_payload()
    encdata = _bencode(orig)

    # new line inserted to ensure all bytes characters are converted to ASCII
    encdata = str(encdata, "ASCII")

    msg.set_payload(encdata)
    msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = 'base64'

The bug has been raised as issue #4768, and was escalated to critical status on 2010-05-10. Hopefully it will be fixed in the next version (3.1.3?)

Regards, Alan

回答3:

for file in self.attachments:
   fp = open(file,"rb")    
   part = MIMEApplication( fp.read() )    
   fp.close()    
   encoders.encode_base64(part)

   # the miracle
   part.set_payload( part.get_payload().decode('ASCII') )

   part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' % file)    
   msg.attach(part)